XRF-Analysis of Fine and Ultrafine Particles Emitted from Laser Printing Devices
XRF-Analysis of Fine and Ultrafine Particles Emitted from Laser Printing Devices
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es201590q
复制
发表时间：
2011-09-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Seeger, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barthel, Mathias;Pedan, Vasilisa;Seeger, Stefan
在这项工作中，由十个不同的激光打印设备（LPD）发射的精细和超细颗粒的元素组成进行了检查。测量颗粒数浓度时间序列以及颗粒尺寸分布。与此同时，排放的颗粒尺寸选择性采样与级联撞击器，随后通过MU的手段进行分析。为了确定气溶胶元素组成的潜在来源，还分析了打印过程中涉及的材料，如墨粉、纸张和打印机的结构部件。虽然激光打印机的大部分颗粒排放物已知由再冷凝的半挥发性有机化合物组成，但元素分析在气溶胶的不同尺寸部分中识别出Si、S、Cl、Ca、Ti、Cr和Fe以及痕量的Ni和Zn。这些要素主要可以归因于来自墨粉和纸张的贡献。可能存在于无机化合物中的元素的检测与非挥发性颗粒的测量是一致的。在400摄氏度下对固体颗粒的定量测量导致每个打印作业的残留物为1.6 × 10（9）和1.5 × 10（10）颗粒，代表在室温下排放颗粒总数的0.2%和1.9%。结合XRF结果，得出的结论是，固体无机颗粒有助于可测量的量的LPD排放。此外，第一次在两个LPD排放的气溶胶中检测到显著浓度的Br。对几种可能来源的分析表明，热熔器的塑料外壳是主要来源，因为与溴化阻燃剂有关的溴浓度很高。
In this work, the elemental composition of fine and ultrafine particles emitted by ten different laser printing devices (LPD) is examined. The particle number concentration time series was measured as well as the particle size distributions. In parallel, emitted particles were size-selectively sampled with a cascade impactor and subsequently analyzed by the means of MU. In order to identify potential sources for the aerosol's elemental composition, materials involved in the printing process such as toner, paper, and structural components of the printer were also analyzed. While the majority of particle emissions from laser printers are known to consist of recondensated semi volatile organic compounds, elemental analysis identifies Si, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Fe as well as traces of Ni and Zn in different size fractions of the aerosols. These elements can mainly be assigned to contributions from toner and paper. The detection of elements that are likely to be present in inorganic compounds is in good agreement with the measurement of nonvolatile particles. Quantitative measurements of solid particles at 400 degrees C resulted in residues of 1.6 x 10(9) and 1.5 x 10(10) particles per print job, representing fractions of 0.2% and 1.9% of the total number of emitted particles at room temperature. In combination with the XRF results it is concluded that solid inorganic particles contribute to LPD emissions in measurable quantities. Furthermore, for the first time Br was detected in significant concentrations in the aerosol emitted from two LPD. The analysis of several possible sources identified the plastic housings of the fuser units as main sources due to substantial Br concentrations related to brominated flame retardants.