The importance of plant health to food security
The importance of plant health to food security
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DOI：
10.1007/s12571-010-0072-5
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Flood, Julie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flood, Julie
粮食价格迅速上涨凸显了对全球粮食安全的严重关切，并对实现千年发展目标1产生了巨大影响。自2007年以来，估计又有1亿人陷入绝对贫困。大多数人生活在发展中国家，那里的低收入（每天不到1美元）使他们很难获得食物。获得满足饮食需要和食物偏好的充足食物是粮食安全的定义。然而，虽然价格上涨使粮食安全成为人们关注的焦点，但需要解决根本问题。在过去三四十年中，各级农业投资长期不足。对农业的发展援助已经减少，国内政策往往不支持农业部门。作物产量低在许多发展中国家很常见，提高生产力对于减少农村贫困和加强粮食安全至关重要。虽然低生产率的原因很复杂，但一个主要因素是由于植物健康问题造成的作物损失。关于这些损失程度的准确信息往往缺失，但从“田地到餐桌”每年损失30-40%的估计是常见的。今后任何有关改善全球粮食安全的解决方案都必须解决这些损失，这意味着改善植物健康。重点介绍了两种跨界病害，即小麦秆锈菌小种Ug 99和咖啡枯萎病。CABI有许多植物健康倡议，其中一个激进的方法（全球植物诊所）涉及与国内服务机构建立伙伴关系，在需求点向农民提供植物健康咨询。这种创新完全符合所提议的新的“绿色革命”，这需要“知识密集型”。
Rapid food price rises have highlighted serious concerns about food security globally and have had a huge impact on achieving Millennium Development Goal 1. Since 2007, an estimated 100 million more people have fallen into absolute poverty. Most live in developing countries where low incomes (less than $ 1 per day) make it difficult to access food. Access to sufficient food for dietary needs and food preferences defines food security. However, whilst price rises have brought food security into sharp focus, underlying problems need to be addressed. Over the last three to four decades, there has been chronic under-investment in agriculture at all levels. Development aid to agriculture has declined and often in-country policies do not support the sector. Low crop yields are common in many developing countries and improved productivity is vital to reducing rural poverty and increasing food security. Whilst the causes of low productivity are complex, one major contributory factor is crop losses due to plant health problems. Often accurate information on the extent of these losses is missing but estimates of 30-40% loss annually from "field to fork" are common. Any future solution regarding improved global food security must address these losses and that means improving plant health. Two trans-boundary diseases, wheat stem rust race Ug99 and Coffee Wilt Disease of Coffea are highlighted. CABI has a number of plant health initiatives and one radical approach (Global Plant Clinic) involves partnership with in-country services to deliver plant health advice to farmers at the point of demand. Such innovations are entirely consistent with a proposed new "Green Revolution" which would need to be "knowledge intensive".