MacroSystems Biology: stimulating new perspectives on scaling in ecology
MacroSystems Biology: stimulating new perspectives on scaling in ecology
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MacroSystems Biology：激发生态学扩展的新视角
DOI：
10.1007/s10980-015-0300-7
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
E. Blood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Gholz;E. Blood
宏观系统生物学，作为NSF生物科学理事会的一项计划性实验，始于2010年，目标是在美国清点和刺激从地方到大陆的物理尺度的思考和研究。这个概念本身并不新鲜，而是试图将宏观生态学，一个以生物体为中心的子领域（布朗和毛雷尔1989）扩展到整个生态实体。事实上，动机超出了“简单”的概念扩展。长期生态研究计划（LTER）已进入第30个年头，从北极到南极都有完善的地方研究基地，而国家生态观测网络（氖）的建设刚刚开始，有望在未来35年内提供前所未有的大陆尺度天气环境和生态数据。在此期间，基因组技术通过将大量微生物数据带到桌面上来改变社区和生态系统生态学的核心。与此同时，整个生态系统通量测量和遥感的应用越来越多样化的平台-无人机到卫星-正在成熟，并被用于解决基本问题。时机似乎已经成熟，这期特刊中的文章都与那次实验有关。但孤立地看待这一计划将是一个错误，也是一种高度误导。美国能源部在AmeriFlux和各种实验基础设施（例如，土壤变暖地块，FACE，降雨量操纵），NASA在遥感，USDA在其内部计划，其他NSF计划（包括生态系统研究，人口和社区生态学，LTER，临界区观测站）的投资，以及更多的形成这里描述的项目更完整和重要的背景。自2010年以来，MacroSystems本身已经支持了42个项目，其中大多数仍然在进行中，其中一些（9个）在本期特刊中有介绍。简而言之，我们的清单揭示了一个非常大的被压抑的支持需求，使研究能够将当地生态过程与全球气候变化联系起来，揭示微生物动力学的大陆模式，探索生物同质化和物种引进的后果，并解释了树苗周围的微环境条件如何影响几个世纪后成熟森林的结构。我们认为有
MacroSystems Biology, as a programmatic experiment by the Biological Sciences Directorate at NSF, began in 2010 with the objectives to inventory and to stimulate thinking and research in the US that spans physical scales from the local to the continental. The concept itself was not new, but rather an attempt to expand macroecology, an organism-centric sub-field (sensu Brown and Maurer 1989) to the full range of ecological entities. In fact, the motivation went beyond a ‘‘simple’’conceptual broadening. The Long-Term Ecological Research Program (LTER) was in its 30th year, with well-established local research sites from the Arctic to the Antarctic to build on, while construction of the National Ecological Observation Network (NEON) had just begun, promising a next 35 years of unprecedented availability of synoptic environmental and ecological data at a continental scale. During this period, genomic techniques were transforming the core of community and ecosystem ecology by bringing massive amounts of microbial data to the table. And at the same time, applications of whole ecosystem flux measurements and remote sensing from increasingly diverse platforms—drones to satellites—were maturing and being used to address fundamental questions. The time just seemed ripe.The articles in this special issue all owe something to that experiment. But it would be a mistake, and highly misleading, to view this one program in isolation. Investments by the Department of Energy in AmeriFlux and various experimental infrastructures (eg, soil warming plots, FACE, rainfall manipulations), NASA in remote sensing, USDA in its intramural programs, other NSF programs (including Ecosystem Studies, Population and Community Ecology, LTER, Critical Zone Observatories), and many more form a more complete and essential context for the projects described here. Since 2010, MacroSystems itself has supported 42 projects, most of them still active and a number of them (9) represented in this special issue. In short, our inventory uncovered a very large pent-up demand for support enabling research that links local ecological processes with global climate changes, reveals continental patterns of microbial dynamics, explores the consequences of biotic homogenization and species introductions, and explains how micro-environmental conditions around tree seedlings influence the structure of mature forests centuries later. We think there is