Reinforcement and punishment effects in concurrent schedules: A test of two models.
Reinforcement and punishment effects in concurrent schedules: A test of two models.
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并发计划中的强化和惩罚效应：两个模型的测试。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Joseph Farley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Joseph Farley
为了比较法利和凡蒂诺（1978）的减法模型与德鲁蒂（1976）和德鲁蒂和丘奇（1978）的惩罚模型的预测，我们在三个选择实验中检验了惩罚和强化对鸽子啄键反应的共同影响。在实验1中，在并行强化方案的两个备选方案中加入相同的惩罚方案，增强了对更频繁的强化方案的偏好。实验2表明，当惩罚频率增加时，每个选项的绝对反应率都降低。实验3发现，当强化的绝对频率以一定的因子增加，并且对两种选择的惩罚条件保持不变时，对两种强化计划中更密集的人的偏好减少。无论与密集强化计划相关的惩罚频率是否大于或小于与精简强化方案相关的惩罚频率，偏好都会减少。这三个实验的结果都独特地支持了Farley和Fantino（1978）关于惩罚和强化的减法模型。
The joint effects of punishment and reinforcement on the pigeon's key-peck response were examined in three choice experiments conducted to compare predictions of Farley and Fantino's (1978) subtractive model with those made by Deluty's (1976) and Deluty and Church's (1978) model of punishment. In Experiment 1, the addition of equal punishment schedules to both alternatives of a concurrent reinforcement schedule enhanced the preference exhibited for the more frequent reinforcement alternative. Experiment 2 demonstrated decreases in the absolute response rate for each member of a concurrent reinforcement schedule when increasing frequencies of punishment were added to each alternative. Experiment 3 found that preference for the denser of two reinforcement schedules diminished when the absolute frequencies of reinforcement were increased by a constant factor and conditions of punishment for both alternatives were held constant. Diminished preferences were obtained regardless of whether the frequency of punishment associated with the denser reinforcement schedule was greater or less than that associated with the lean reinforcement alternative. The results from all three experiments uniquely supported Farley and Fantino's (1978) subtractive model of punishment and reinforcement.