Discrimination of simulated texture patterns on the human hand.
Discrimination of simulated texture patterns on the human hand.
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人手上模拟纹理图案的辨别。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1996.76.2.1145
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gardner,EP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kops,CE;Gardner,EP
1. 由周期性点阵列形成的纹理由点密度、间距和相对于运动方向的角度方向定义。在本报告中，我们评估了点密度（密集线索）和排列（空间线索）对人类受试者辨别通过 OPTACON 触觉刺激器扫描的纹理图案的能力的影响，该刺激器选择性地刺激快速适应的皮肤机械感受器。我们使用两种替代的强制选择协议比较了以特定模式（水平、垂直、菱形、上对角线或下对角线方向）排列在食指上且间隔 4.8、7.2 或 9.6 毫米（高、中和低密度）的点阵列。 2. 当纹理元素沿一个轴间隔紧密且在所有其他轴上间隔较宽时，纹理可以很好地区分。人类能够区分仅方向不同的纹理，低密度时的平均准确度为 75%，中密度时的平均准确度为 65%，但辨别高密度纹理的能力较差（平均准确度 = 48%）。精度与图案之间的角度差异以及沿阵列长轴和短轴的间距和方向的相似性有关。垂直和水平图案比倾斜图案更能准确区分，而菱形阵列的区分效果最差。对角线和菱形纹理经常混淆，并且上下对角线图案彼此混淆，特别是当纹理密度增加时。对垂直和水平图案的偏好可能与纹理的定向轴与其穿过皮肤的运动方向之间的相互作用有关。 3.由施加的刺激总数提供的密集线索补充了图案方向固有的空间线索，因为在间距和方向上都不同的纹理比仅在方向或间距上不同的纹理更好地被辨别。平均准确度范围从高密度和低密度纹理（点数总数相差 2 倍）比较的 96% 到中密度图案与高密度或低密度纹理比较的 80%。 4. 密度不同但方向不同的纹理比不同方向的纹理的区分效果较差。例如，在低密度和中密度纹理的配对中，82% 的密度和方向都不同的图案被正确区分，而那些仅密度不同的图案在 45% 的试验中被正确区分。受试者在辨别相似密度的图案时似乎使用空间线索而不是密集线索，这表明形式的相似性（紧密间隔的点的空间排列）比沿运动轴的间距的微小差异更容易明显。 5. 当受试者能够在脑海中想象出图案的方向和间距时，他们在区分纹理图案方面最为成功。我们发现受试者辨别给定间距纹理的能力与通过将其与适当的视觉表示相匹配来识别特定纹理的能力之间存在很强的相关性。受试者能够在低密度和中密度下正确识别所有五个方向，平均准确度为 76%，但在出现高密度图案时只能识别垂直阵列。纹理成像的能力值得注意，因为受试者没有收到有关表现的反馈。 6. 纹理的空间成像似乎受到手上皮肤感受野直径的限制。我们提出，规则纹理阵列的结构轴是由连续的神经活动带沿着一个主轴的相邻元素的感知链接产生的，当......
1. Textures formed by periodic dot arrays are defined by the dot density, spacing, and angular orientation with respect to the direction of motion. In this report we evaluate the effects of the dot density (intensive cues) and arrangement (spatial cues) on the ability of human subjects to discriminate texture patterns scanned across an OPTACON tactile stimulator that selective stimulates rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors. We compared dot arrays arranged on the index finger in specific patterns (horizontal, vertical, diamond, up diagonal, or down diagonal orientation) and spaced 4.8, 7.2, or 9.6 mm apart (high, medium, and low density) with the use of a two-alternative forced-choice protocol. 2. Textures are well discriminated when their elements are tightly spaced along one axis and widely spaced on all other axes. Humans distinguish textures that differ only in orientation with mean accuracy of 75% at low density and 65% at medium density, but discriminate high-density textures poorly (mean accuracy = 48%). Accuracy is related to the angular disparity between patterns, and to similarity of spacing and orientation along major and minor axes of the arrays. Vertical and horizontal patterns are more accurately distinguished than the oblique ones, and diamond arrays are the least well discriminated. Diagonal and diamond textures are often confounded, and the up and down diagonal patterns are confused with each other particularly as the texture density rises. The preference for the vertical and horizontal patterns may relate to an interaction between the orientation axis of the texture and its direction of motion across the skin. 3. Intensive cues provided by the total number of applied stimuli supplement the spatial cues inherent to the pattern orientation, because textures that differ in both spacing and orientation are discriminated better than those that differ only in orientation or spacing. Mean accuracy ranges from 96% for comparisons of high- and low-density textures, which differ in the total number of dots by a factor of 2, to 80% when medium-density patterns are compared with high- or low-density textures. 4. Textures that differ in density but not in orientation are less well discriminated than those of different orientation. For example, 82% of patterns that differ in both density and orientation are distinguished correctly in pairings of low- and medium-density textures, whereas those that differ only in density are discriminated correctly on 45% of trials. Subjects seem to use spatial rather than intensive cues when discriminating patterns of similar density, suggesting that the similarity of form (the spatial arrangement of the closely spaced dots) is more readily apparent than small differences in spacing along the axis of motion. 5. Subjects are most most successful in differentiating texture patterns when they are able to mentally picture the orientation and spacing of the pattern. We found a strong correlation between the subjects' ability to discriminate textures of a given spacing and their ability to identify the specific texture by matching it to the appropriate visual representation. Subjects are able to identify correctly all five orientations at low and medium densities, with mean accuracy of 76%, but recognize only the vertical arrays when high-density patterns are presented. The ability to image the textures is noteworthy, because subjects received no feedback about performance. 6. Spatial imaging of textures appears limited by the diameter of cutaneous receptive fields on the hand. We propose that the structural axis of a regular texture array results from perceptual linkage of adjacent elements along one principal axis by continuous bands of neural activity when …