Toward Synchronous Evaluation of Source Apportionments for Atmospheric Concentration and Deposition of Sulfate Aerosol Over East Asia
Toward Synchronous Evaluation of Source Apportionments for Atmospheric Concentration and Deposition of Sulfate Aerosol Over East Asia
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DOI：
10.1002/2017jd028110
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发表时间：
2018-03-16
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Itahashi, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Itahashi, S.
在东亚地区同步估算了SO 42-的大气浓度、干沉降和湿沉降的源分配。由于难以直接测量沉积速度，因此难以估计干沉积;因此，使用两种干沉积方案进行了敏感性模拟。此外，不同的排放清单，在空气质量模型中最大的不确定性来源，也进行了敏感性模拟。总共使用了四种实验设置。使用中国、韩国和日本的地面观测网络验证了大气浓度和湿沉降的模型性能，所有四个模型设置都捕捉到了观测结果。对中国湿沉降的低估通过一种调整的方法得到改善，该方法将模拟的降水值线性缩放到观测值。大气浓度和干、湿沉降的源分配的同步评估表明，中国的人为排放对日本的大气浓度和沉降的贡献占主导地位。火山排放对湿沉降的贡献比对大气浓度的贡献更重要。在干沉降方案和排放清单的差异并没有实质性的影响，在日本的源分配的相对比例。由于干沉降更多地是由局地因素引起的，因此，干沉降的差异可能是中国对日本源贡献的重要决定因素。验证这些发现，包括干沉降速度，是必要的，更好地了解东亚地区的硫化合物的行为。
Source apportionments for atmospheric concentration, dry deposition, and wet deposition of sulfate aerosol (SO42-) were synchronously evaluated over East Asia, a main source of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Estimating dry deposition was difficult owing to the difficulty of measuring deposition velocity directly; therefore, sensitivity simulations using two dry deposition schemes were conducted. Moreover, sensitivity simulations for different emission inventories, the largest uncertainty source in the air quality model, were also conducted. In total, four experimental settings were used. Model performance was verified for atmospheric concentration and wet deposition using a ground-based observation network in China, Korea, and Japan, and all four model settings captured the observations. The underestimation of wet deposition over China was improved by an adjusted approach that linearly scaled the modeled precipitation values to observations. The synchronous evaluation of source apportionments for atmospheric concentration and dry and wet deposition showed the dominant contribution of anthropogenic emissions from China to the atmospheric concentration and deposition in Japan. The contributions of emissions from volcanoes were more important for wet deposition than for atmospheric concentration. Differences in the dry deposition scheme and emission inventory did not substantially influence the relative ratio of source apportionments over Japan. Because the dry deposition was more attributed to local factors, the differences in dry deposition may be an important determinant of the source contributions from China to Japan. Verification of these findings, including the dry deposition velocity, is necessary for better understanding of the behavior of sulfur compound in East Asia.