Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies
Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies
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DOI：
10.3791/63391
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Huijben, Silvie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jensen, Brook M.;Althoff, Rachel A.;Huijben, Silvie
在公共卫生和农业领域持续使用杀虫剂，已导致杀虫剂抗性广泛出现，并阻碍了防治措施的实施。对蚊子种群的杀虫剂抗性监测通常通过美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的瓶式生物测定法或世界卫生组织（WHO）的试管检测法来进行。然而，由于昆虫与杀虫剂的接触情况存在差异、测试的生物数量相对较少、不同种群间个体质量差异较大以及环境条件不断变化等因素，这些方法可能会导致死亡率数据出现高度的变异性，进而产生不稳定的结果。
本文介绍了局部应用生物测定法，该方法经调整后可作为针对蚊子和果蝇的高通量表型生物测定法，用于在一系列杀虫剂浓度条件下对大量昆虫进行测试。这种测定法：1）确保对每只生物进行一致的处理，并保证其与杀虫剂的接触情况相同；2）能生成高度特异性的剂量反应曲线，该曲线考虑到了不同品系和性别之间平均质量的差异（这对于野外采集的生物尤为重要）；3）能够计算出统计学上严谨的半数致死剂量（LD50），这对于抗性比的比较是必要的，是一种不同于诊断剂量死亡率（也用于杀幼虫剂抗性监测）的监测方法。这种测定法将成为准确测定蚊子种群表型的补充工具，并且正如以果蝇为例所展示的那样，它很容易适用于其他昆虫。我们认为，这种测定法将有助于填补多种昆虫在基因型和表型杀虫剂抗性之间的空白。
The continued use of insecticides for public health and agriculture has led to widespread insecticide resistance and hampering of control methods. Insecticide resistance surveillance of mosquito populations is typically done through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassays or World Health Organization (WHO) tube tests. However, these methods can result in a high degree of variability in mortality data due to variable insecticide contact with the insect, the relatively small numbers of organisms tested, extensive variation in mass between populations, and constantly changing environmental conditions, leading to variable outcomes. This paper presents the topical application bioassay, adapted as a high-throughput phenotypic bioassay for both mosquitoes and fruit flies, to test large numbers of insects along a range of insecticide concentrations.This assay 1) ensures consistent treatment and insecticide contact with every organism, 2) produces highly specific dose-response curves that account for differences in average mass between strains and sexes (which is particularly important for field-collected organisms), and 3) allows for the calculation of statistically rigorous median lethal doses (LD50), which are necessary for resistance ratio comparisonsan alternative surveillance approach from diagnostic dose mortality, which is also used for larvicide resistance surveillance. This assay will be a complementary tool for accurately phenotyping mosquito populations and, as illustrated using fruit flies, is easily adaptable for use with other insects. We argue that this assay will help fill the gap between genotypic and phenotypic insecticide resistance in multiple insect species.