Generalized Ramanujan Primes

Generalized Ramanujan Primes
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广义拉马努金素数

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4939-1601-6_1
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
arXiv: Number Theory
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
J. Sondow
J. Sondow
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nadine Amersi;Olivia Beckwith;Steven J. Miller;Ryan Ronan;J. Sondow

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1845年,Bertrand推测对于所有≥2的整数,在(x∕2,x]中至少存在一个素数。切比雪夫在1860年证明了这一点,拉马努金在1919年推广了这一点。他证明了对于任意x≥1,存在一个(最小)素数,使得所有x≥Rn。2009年,Sondow将其称为第n个Ramanujan素数,并证明了其渐近性rn ~ p2n(即第n个素数)。他和Laishram分别证明了boundsp2n<Rn<p3n,构成> 1。本文引入一个参数∈(0,1),并定义c- ramanujan素数为最小的整数Rc,从而推广了感兴趣的区间,使得对于所有x≥Rc,n,在(cx,x]中至少存在素数。利用素数定理的强化版的结果,证明了rc,对所有的和所有的c都存在,并且证明了asn→∞,并且证明了c- ramanujan的素数的分数收敛于1 - c。然后,我们研究了与它们在素数中的分布相关的更精细的问题,并看到-拉马努金素数表现出惊人的行为,明显偏离基于有偏抛硬币的概率模型。这个模型与克莱默模型有关,克莱默模型在大尺度上正确地预测了质数的许多性质,但在较小的尺度上被证明在某些情况下是失败的。
In 1845, Bertrand conjectured that for all integersx≥ 2, there exists at least one prime in (x∕2,x]. This was proved by Chebyshev in 1860 and then generalized by Ramanujan in 1919. He showed that for anyn≥ 1, there is a (smallest) primeRnsuch thatfor allx≥Rn. In 2009 Sondow calledRnthenth Ramanujan prime and proved the asymptotic behaviorRn∼p2n(wherepmis themth prime). He and Laishram proved the boundsp2n<Rn<p3n, respectively, forn> 1. In the present paper, we generalize the interval of interest by introducing a parameterc∈ (0, 1) and defining thenthc-Ramanujan prime as the smallest integerRc,nsuch that for allx≥Rc,n, there are at leastnprimes in (cx,x]. Using consequences of strengthened versions of the Prime Number Theorem, we prove thatRc,nexists for allnand allc, thatasn→∞, and that the fraction of primes which arec-Ramanujan converges to 1 −c. We then study finer questions related to their distribution among the primes and see that thec-Ramanujan primes display striking behavior, deviating significantly from a probabilistic model based on biased coin flipping. This model is related to the Cramer model, which correctly predicts many properties of primes on large scales but has been shown to fail in some instances on smaller scales.