GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN DIAPAUSE INCIDENCE, LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS, AND CLIMATIC ADAPTATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN DIAPAUSE INCIDENCE, LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS, AND CLIMATIC ADAPTATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01821.x
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发表时间：
2005-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
P. Schmidt;Luciano M. Matzkin;Michael Ippolito;W. Eanes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Schmidt;Luciano M. Matzkin;Michael Ippolito;W. Eanes
在黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）中，雌性暴露于低温和缩短的光周期可以诱导生殖静止或滞育的表达。滞育表达在自然种群内部和种群之间具有高度的差异性，并对生命史概况有显著影响，包括寿命、繁殖力和抗逆性模式。我们假设，如果滞育表达与越冬机制和对温带环境的适应有关，那么在自然种群中，滞育发生的频率将呈现纬度梯度。由于该物种的抗逆性和生殖性状也是临床上的，因此我们还研究了该物种的繁殖力和寿命模式如何随着地理位置的变化而变化，以及抗逆性和相关性状在滞育系和非滞育系之间的构成差异。滞育发生率随纬度变化，在美国东部自然种群中，滞育系和非滞育系在饥饿胁迫下的存活率存在差异，范围从35%到90%不等；应激暴露后，滞育表型在总甘油三酯含量和卵巢卵母细胞发育分布方面也存在差异。寿命、繁殖力和子房数的分布也随地理位置的不同而不同。这些数据表明，对于北美种群来说，滞育表达在功能上与越冬机制有关，并且可能是自然种群中不可或缺的生活史组成部分。
Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster, exposure of females to low temperature and shortened photoperiod can induce the expression of reproductive quiescence or diapause. Diapause expression is highly variable within and among natural populations and has significant effects on life‐history profiles, including patterns of longevity, fecundity, and stress resistance. We hypothesized that if diapause expression is associated with overwintering mechanisms and adaptation to temperate environments, the frequency of diapause incidence would exhibit a latitudinal cline among natural populations. Because stress resistance and reproductive traits are also clinal in this species, we also examined how patterns of fecundity and longevity varied with geography and how stress resistance and associated traits differed constitutively between diapause and nondiapause lines. Diapause incidence was shown to vary predictably with latitude, ranging from 35% to 90% among natural populations in the eastern United States Survivorship under starvation stress differed between diapause and nondiapause lines; diapause phenotypes were also distinct for total body triglyceride content and the developmental distribution of oocytes in the ovary following stress exposure. Patterns of longevity, fecundity, and ovariole number also varied with geography. The data suggest that, for North American populations, diapause expression is functionally associated with overwintering mechanisms and may be an integral life‐history component in natural populations.