Urban Housing Policy Changes and Challenges in China
Urban Housing Policy Changes and Challenges in China
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DOI：
10.1057/9781137314529_3
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ya Ping Wang;Lei Shao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ya Ping Wang;Lei Shao
自从共产党执政以来，中国的住房供应经历了几次戏剧性的变化。1949年以前，城市住房的主要保有权是私人出租。这一点在20世纪50年代的租金改革和国有化中得到了改变，当时大地主拥有的大部分出租房产被市政府接管。公有住房由国有企业和事业单位建造，并直接分配给其员工，作为全面的社会主义福利提供制度的一部分。到1980年代末，在所有城市地区建立了公共住房供应制度。然而，这一系统遇到了许多问题，包括严重短缺、缺乏投资、分配不均、腐败、管理效率低下和维护不善（Wang和Murie，1996年; Wang，2007年）。为了解决这些问题，政府提出了新的政策改革城镇住房制度。经过几年的试验，1990年代初实施了全面的住房改革政策。这些政策旨在使公共住房供应系统商业化，并重建城市住房市场。在住房融资、抵押贷款和住房保险方面也作出了安排。房屋建筑是由商业开发商而不是公共部门的雇主进行的。在过去的15年里，新的城市住房市场经历了许多不稳定的繁荣和放缓。
Since the Communists came to power, housing provision in China has experienced several dramatic changes. Before 1949, the main tenure of housing in cities was private rental. This was changed through rent reform and nationalization in the 1950s, in which the majority of rental properties owned by big landlords were taken over by municipal governments. Public housing was built by government-owned enterprises and institutions and distributed directly to their employees as part of a comprehensive socialist welfare provision system. By the late 1980s, a public housing provision system was established in all urban areas. This system, however, encountered many problems, including severe shortage, lack of investment, unequal distribution, corruption, inefficient management and poor maintenance (Wang and Murie, 1996; Wang, 2007). To solve these problems, the government put forward new policies to reform the urban housing system. After several years of experimentation, comprehensive housing reform policies were implemented in the early 1990s. These policies aimed to commercialize the public housing provision system and re-establish an urban housing market. Arrangements were also made in the area of housing finance, mortgage lending and home insurance. Housebuilding was undertaken by commercial developers rather than by public sector employers. Over the last 15 years, the new urban housing market experienced many volatile booms and slowdowns.