Perceiving Absolute Distance in Augmented Reality Displays with Realistic and Non-realistic Shadows
Perceiving Absolute Distance in Augmented Reality Displays with Realistic and Non-realistic Shadows
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DOI：
10.1145/3605495.3605800
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发表时间：
2023-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bobby Bodenheimer;Haley Adams;Mirinda Whitaker;Jeanine Stefanucci;Sarah H. Creem-Regehr
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作者：
Bobby Bodenheimer;Haley Adams;Mirinda Whitaker;Jeanine Stefanucci;Sarah H. Creem-Regehr
虽然对增强现实(AR)对象的距离感知已经研究了几十年，但对于最新可用的AR显示器的绝对距离感知知之甚少。头戴式AR显示器的一个重要区别是它们是光学透明(OST)还是视频透明(VST)。这两种类型的设备有不同的渲染方法，可能会影响可用于感知距离的线索。具体地说，渲染投射阴影可能具有挑战性，尤其是在依赖附加光进行渲染的OST显示中，并且可能存在其他阴影着色方法，这些方法对于向深度传递线索同样有效。目前的研究在两种类型的AR显示器Hololens 2(OST)和Varjo XR-3(VST)中测试对距离观察者3-6米处的目标的绝对自我中心距离判断。阴影是放置在对象下方的样式化环形式的真实投射阴影或非真实阴影。参与者口头报告了对呈现在地面或地面上方的球形虚拟目标的感知距离，这是通过现实世界教室中的显示器观看的。我们发现两款设备的总体距离都被低估了，但与Varjo XR-3相比，Hololens 2的估计更准确。几乎没有人支持阴影条件或地面或地面以上位置之间的估计精度差异(由贝叶斯分析证实)，这表明非真实阴影可能是为AR中的深度提供额外阴影线索的好选择。
Although distance perception to Augmented Reality (AR) objects has been studied for decades, little is known about absolute distance perception with the newest available AR displays. One significant distinction in categories of head-worn AR displays is whether they are optical see-through (OST) or video see-through (VST). These two types of devices have different methods of rendering that could affect the cues available for perceiving distance. Specifically, rendering cast shadows can be challenging, especially in OST displays that rely on additive light for rendering, and there may be alternative shadow shading methods that are equally as effective for conveying cues to depth. The current study tests absolute egocentric distance judgments to targets 3-6 meters away from an observer with two types of shadows, in two types of AR displays, the Hololens 2 (OST) and the Varjo XR-3 (VST). Shadows were realistic cast shadows or non-realistic shadows in the form of a stylized ring placed beneath the object. Participants verbally reported perceived distance to spherical virtual targets presented on or above the ground, viewed through the displays in a real world classroom. We found overall distance underestimation in both devices, but that estimations were more accurate with the Hololens 2 compared to the Varjo XR-3. There was little support for a difference in accuracy of estimations between shadow conditions or position on or above the ground (confirmed by a Bayesian analysis), suggesting that non-realistic shadows may be a good option for providing additional shading cues for depth in AR.