Breastfeeding in China: a review.
Breastfeeding in China: a review.
复制标题
中国的母乳喂养：评论。
DOI：
10.1186/1746-4358-4-6
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发表时间：
2009-06-16
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Liu X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu F;Qiu L;Binns CW;Liu X
本综述旨在描述母乳喂养的变化，总结母乳喂养率，持续时间和停止“任何母乳喂养”或“纯母乳喂养”的原因。中国中国的母乳喂养率在20世纪70年代下降，当时母乳替代品的使用变得普遍，并在20世纪80年代达到最低点。因此，为促进母乳喂养作出了许多努力。中国的母乳喂养率在20世纪90年代开始上升，自20世纪90年代中期以来，包括少数民族地区在内的大多数城市和省份的“任何母乳喂养”率在4个月时都超过了80%。但大多数城市和省份都没有达到80%的“纯母乳喂养”国家目标。少数民族地区的“纯母乳喂养”率相对低于可比的内陆省份。在大多数城市或省份，“任何母乳喂养”的平均持续时间为7至9个月。停止母乳喂养或在四个月前引入水或其他婴儿食品的常见原因是认为母乳不足，母亲上班，母婴疾病和乳房问题。不正确的传统观念对欠发达地区或农村地区的“纯母乳喂养”产生了很大的不利影响。中国是一个幅员辽阔、人口众多的国家，民族多样性很强。因此，中国不同地区的母乳喂养率差异很大。
This review aims to describe changes in breastfeeding and summarise the breastfeeding rates, duration and reasons of discontinuing 'any breastfeeding' or 'exclusive breastfeeding' in P.R. China. Breastfeeding rates in China fell during the 1970s when the use of breast milk substitutes became widespread, and reached the lowest point in the 1980s. As a result many efforts were introduced to promote breastfeeding. The breastfeeding rate in China started to increase in the 1990s, and since the mid-1990s 'any breastfeeding' rates in the majority of cities and provinces, including minority areas, have been above 80% at four months. But most cities and provinces did not reach the national target of 'exclusive breastfeeding' of 80%. The 'exclusive breastfeeding' rates in minority areas were relatively lower than comparable inland provinces. The mean duration of 'any breastfeeding' in the majority of cities or provinces was between seven and nine months. The common reasons for ceasing breastfeeding, or introducing water or other infant food before four months, were perceived breast milk insufficiency, mother going to work, maternal and child illness and breast problems. Incorrect traditional perceptions have a strong adverse influence on 'exclusive breastfeeding' in less developed areas or rural areas. China is a huge country, geographically and in population size, and there is considerable ethnic diversity. Therefore breastfeeding rates in different parts of China can vary considerably.