Elastomeric electrolytes for high-energy solid-state lithium batteries
Elastomeric electrolytes for high-energy solid-state lithium batteries
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-04209-4
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发表时间：
2022-01-13
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Lee, Seung Woo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Michael J.;Han, Junghun;Lee, Seung Woo
在固态电池中使用锂金属阳极已经成为取代传统锂离子电池的最有前途的技术之一（1,2）。固态电解质能够抑制锂枝晶不受控制的生长，是锂金属电池安全运行的关键使能技术。然而，目前固态电解质的力学性能和电化学性能还不能满足锂金属电池实际应用的要求。在这里，我们报道了一类具有三维互联塑料晶体相的弹性固态电解质。弹性体电解质具有机械稳定性强、离子电导率高、界面电阻低和锂离子转移数高的特点。在铜箔上原位形成的弹性体电解质可以适应长时间镀锂和剥离锂过程的体积变化，库仑效率为100.0%。此外，弹性体电解质可以在有限的锂源、薄电解质和高负载LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2阴极的限制条件下稳定运行，环境温度为4.5伏的高压。提供高比能超过410瓦时每公斤电极加电解质。弹性体电解质系统为实现高能固态锂电池的稳定运行提供了强有力的策略。
The use of lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for replacing conventional lithium-ion batteries(1,2). Solid-state electrolytes are a key enabling technology for the safe operation of lithium metal batteries as they suppress the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites. However, the mechanical properties and electrochemical performance of current solid-state electrolytes do not meet the requirements for practical applications of lithium metal batteries. Here we report a class of elastomeric solid-state electrolytes with a three-dimensional interconnected plastic crystal phase. The elastomeric electrolytes show a combination of mechanical robustness, high ionic conductivity, low interfacial resistance and high lithium-ion transference number. The in situ-formed elastomer electrolyte on copper foils accommodates volume changes for prolonged lithium plating and stripping processes with a Coulombic efficiency of 100.0 per cent. Moreover, the elastomer electrolytes enable stable operation of the full cells under constrained conditions of a limited lithium source, a thin electrolyte and a high-loading LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 cathode at a high voltage of 4.5 volts at ambient temperature, delivering a high specific energy exceeding 410 watt-hours per kilogram of electrode plus electrolyte. The elastomeric electrolyte system presents a powerful strategy for enabling stable operation of high-energy, solid-state lithium batteries.