Antioxidant Defenses in Plants with Attention to Prunus and Citrus spp.
Antioxidant Defenses in Plants with Attention to Prunus and Citrus spp.
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DOI：
10.3390/antiox2040340
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发表时间：
2013-11-26
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Racchi ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Racchi ML
本文简要介绍了活性氧（ROS）作为氧化/还原（redox）反应的副产物的形成，以及抗氧化防御机制直接或间接参与ROS清除的方式。描述了保护高等植物细胞免受氧化应激损伤的主要抗氧化剂，包括酶和非酶。讨论了抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的生化和分子特征，因为它们在清除不同细胞室中的ROS和应对胁迫条件中起着至关重要的作用。在非酶防御中，特别注意抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和生育酚。ROS清除系统的操作在季节性周期和特定的发展事件，如水果成熟和衰老，在这些过程中，影响水果质量的激烈的ROS形成进行了讨论。特别注意的是李和柑橘类，因为这些常见的水果中含有营养和抗氧化特性。
This short review briefly introduces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as by-products of oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions, and the ways in which the antioxidant defense machinery is involved directly or indirectly in ROS scavenging. Major antioxidants, both enzymatic and non enzymatic, that protect higher plant cells from oxidative stress damage are described. Biochemical and molecular features of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) are discussed because they play crucial roles in scavenging ROS in the different cell compartments and in response to stress conditions. Among the non enzymatic defenses, particular attention is paid to ascorbic acid, glutathione, flavonoids, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The operation of ROS scavenging systems during the seasonal cycle and specific developmental events, such as fruit ripening and senescence, are discussed in relation to the intense ROS formation during these processes that impact fruit quality. Particular attention is paid to Prunus and Citrus species because of the nutritional and antioxidant properties contained in these commonly consumed fruits.