Accessing naïve human pluripotency.

Accessing naïve human pluripotency.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.gde.2012.03.001
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发表时间:
2012-06
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Daley, George Q.
Daley, George Q.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
De Los Angeles, Alejandro;Loh, Yuin-Han;Tesar, Paul J.;Daley, George Q.

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多能性在哺乳动物发育过程中通过形成外胚层(胚胎固有的创始组织)而表现出来。啮齿动物多能干细胞可以被认为是两种不同的状态:幼稚和启动。幼稚多能干细胞系与致敏细胞的区别在于响应于LIF信号传导和MEK/GSK 3抑制(LIF/2 i条件)的自我更新以及雌性细胞中的两个活性X染色体。在啮齿动物细胞中,幼稚多能状态可以通过至少三种途径获得:内细胞团的增殖,异位Oct 4、Sox 2、Klf 4和C-myc引起的体细胞重编程,以及引发的植入后相关外胚层干细胞(EpiSC)的直接逆转。与啮齿类动物相比,人类胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞更类似于啮齿类动物致敏的EpiSC。一个关键的问题是是否可以获得具有多能状态和幼稚特异性特征的真正特征的幼稚人类多能干细胞。在这篇综述中,我们概述了目前对小鼠中这些多能性状态之间差异的理解,对啮齿动物中幼稚多能性起源的新观点,以及最近尝试应用啮齿动物范例来捕获人类细胞中幼稚多能性。如何稳定地诱导人类细胞幼稚多能性将影响人类多能干细胞生物学和医学的全面实现。
Pluripotency manifests during mammalian development through formation of the epiblast, founder tissue of the embryo proper. Rodent pluripotent stem cells can be considered as two distinct states: naïve and primed. Naïve pluripotent stem cell lines are distinguished from primed cells by self-renewal in response to LIF signaling and MEK/GSK3 inhibition (LIF/2i conditions) and two active X chromosomes in female cells. In rodent cells, the naïve pluripotent state may be accessed through at least three routes: explantation of the inner cell mass, somatic cell reprogramming by ectopic Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and C-myc, and direct reversion of primed post-implantation-associated epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs). In contrast to their rodent counterparts, human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells more closely resemble rodent primed EpiSCs. A critical question is whether naïve human pluripotent stem cells with bona fide features of both a pluripotent state and naïve-specific features can be obtained. In this review, we outline current understanding of the differences between these pluripotent states in mice, new perspectives on the origins of naïve pluripotency in rodents, and recent attempts to apply the rodent paradigm to capture naïve pluripotency in human cells. Unraveling how to stably induce naïve pluripotency in human cells will influence the full realization of human pluripotent stem cell biology and medicine.
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