Implications of recent epidemiologic studies for the linear nonthreshold model and radiation protection
Implications of recent epidemiologic studies for the linear nonthreshold model and radiation protection
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DOI：
10.1088/1361-6498/aad348
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Dauer, L. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shore, R. E.;Beck, H. L.;Dauer, L. T.
最近发表的NCRP第27号评论对流行病学研究的新信息进行了评估，以支持将线性非阈值（LNT）模型应用于辐射防护目的的致癌效应（NCRP 2018年线性非阈值模型和辐射防护的最新流行病学研究的含义，评论第27号（马里兰州贝thesda：国家辐射防护和测量委员会））。目的是确定最近关于低let辐射的流行病学研究，特别是那些低剂量和/或低剂量率（LD/LDR）的研究是否广泛支持LNT致癌风险模型，或者相反，是否有足够的证据表明LNT模型不适用于辐射防护目的。需要进行最新的审查，因为自国家和国际科学委员会进行其他主要审查以来，已经发表了相当数量的基于新的或更新的数据的辐射流行病学研究报告。评注对最直接适用于当前职业、环境和医疗辐射照射情况的LD/LDR研究进行了批判性审查。本备忘录总结了若干比较重要的LD/LDR研究，其中包括实体癌和白血病的辐射剂量反应，评注第27号对这些研究进行了审查。此外，还概述了对乳腺癌和甲状腺癌以及儿童暴露后癌症的辐射研究。非癌症的简要触及，如缺血性心脏病，白内障，和遗传基因的影响。为了评估LNT模型在辐射防护方面的适用性和效用，评注评估了29项流行病学研究或研究组，主要是关于全实体癌的研究，评估了它们在流行病学方法、剂量学方法和统计建模方面的优缺点，以及它们在多大程度上支持LNT模型继续用于辐射防护。概述了如何使流行病学辐射研究提供更多信息的建议。NCRP委员会认识到LD/LDR暴露的风险很小且不确定。委员会认为，现有的流行病学数据广泛支持LNT模型，目前没有任何替代剂量-反应关系在辐射防护方面显得更为实用或谨慎。
The recently published NCRP Commentary No. 27 evaluated the new information from epidemiologic studies as to their degree of support for applying the linear nonthreshold (LNT) model of carcinogenic effects for radiation protection purposes (NCRP 2018 Implications of Recent Epidemiologic Studies for the Linear Nonthreshold Model and Radiation Protection, Commentary No. 27 (Bethesda, MD: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements)). The aim was to determine whether recent epidemiologic studies of low-LET radiation, particularly those at low doses and/or low dose rates (LD/LDR), broadly support the LNT model of carcinogenic risk or, on the contrary, demonstrate sufficient evidence that the LNT model is inappropriate for the purposes of radiation protection. An updated review was needed because a considerable number of reports of radiation epidemiologic studies based on new or updated data have been published since other major reviews were conducted by national and international scientific committees. The Commentary provides a critical review of the LD/LDR studies that are most directly applicable to current occupational, environmental and medical radiation exposure circumstances. This Memorandum summarises several of the more important LD/LDR studies that incorporate radiation dose responses for solid cancer and leukemia that were reviewed in Commentary No. 27. In addition, an overview is provided of radiation studies of breast and thyroid cancers, and cancer after childhood exposures. Non-cancers are briefly touched upon such as ischemic heart disease, cataracts, and heritable genetic effects. To assess the applicability and utility of the LNT model for radiation protection, the Commentary evaluated 29 epidemiologic studies or groups of studies, primarily of total solid cancer, in terms of strengths and weaknesses in their epidemiologic methods, dosimetry approaches, and statistical modelling, and the degree to which they supported a LNT model for continued use in radiation protection. Recommendations for how to make epidemiologic radiation studies more informative are outlined. The NCRP Committee recognises that the risks from LD/LDR exposures are small and uncertain. The Committee judged that the available epidemiologic data were broadly supportive of the LNT model and that at this time no alternative dose-response relationship appears more pragmatic or prudent for radiation protection purposes.