The role of nutrition in influencing mechanisms involved in environmentally mediated diseases.
The role of nutrition in influencing mechanisms involved in environmentally mediated diseases.
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DOI：
10.1515/reveh-2017-0038
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发表时间：
2018-03-28
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Suk WA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hennig B;Petriello MC;Gamble MV;Surh YJ;Kresty LA;Frank N;Rangkadilok N;Ruchirawat M;Suk WA
在世界各地，特别是东南亚地区，人类暴露于环境污染物，如持久性氯化有机物、重金属、农药、邻苯二甲酸盐、阻燃剂、电子废物和空气传播污染物的情况很严重，需要紧急关注。鉴于这种广泛的污染以及生态系统中持久性有机污染物等毒素的丰富性，仅靠补救措施不可能足以解决与这种接触有关的健康影响。此外，我们必须假设，其中一些污染物对健康的影响导致人口特别容易受到疾病风险的影响。进一步加剧风险;传染病，贫困和营养不良在世界东南亚地区很常见。因此，通过环境毒理学、最佳和/或健康的营养和健康的新范例，探索环境暴露和疾病风险的预防措施是至关重要的。例如，叶酸补充剂可以降低血液中的砷含量，植物来源的生物活性营养素可以降低与污染物暴露有关的心血管和癌症风险。数据还表明，富含生物活性食品成分（如多酚和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸）的饮食可以预防或减少毒物引起的炎症。因此，食用具有高水平抗氧化和抗炎特性的健康饮食是减少与环境有毒物质有关的非传染性疾病的一种有意义的方法。环境毒理学中的这种营养范式需要进一步研究，以提高我们对营养或其他生活方式改变与毒物引起的疾病之间关系的理解。了解环境毒物的营养调节和疾病发展的易感性之间的机械关系是重要的累积风险评估和未来的公共卫生计划和行为干预的设计和实施。
Human exposure to environmental contaminants such as persistent chlorinated organics, heavy metals, pesticides, phthalates, flame retardants, electronic waste and airborne pollutants around the world, and especially in Southeast Asian regions, are significant and require urgent attention. Given this widespread contamination and abundance of such toxins as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ecosystem, it is unlikely that remediation alone will be sufficient to address the health impacts associated with this exposure. Furthermore, we must assume that the impact on health of some of these contaminants results in populations with extraordinary vulnerabilities to disease risks. Further exacerbating risk; infectious diseases, poverty and malnutrition are common in the Southeast Asian regions of the world. Thus, exploring preventive measures of environmental exposure and disease risk through new paradigms of environmental toxicology, optimal and/or healthful nutrition and health is essential. For example, folic acid supplementation can lower blood arsenic levels, and plant-derived bioactive nutrients can lower cardiovascular and cancer risks linked to pollutant exposure. Data also indicate that diets enriched with bioactive food components such as polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent or decrease toxicant-induced inflammation. Thus, consuming healthy diets that exhibit high levels of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is a meaningful way to reduce the vulnerability to non-communicable diseases linked to environmental toxic insults. This nutritional paradigm in environmental toxicology requires further study in order to improve our understanding of the relationship between nutrition or other lifestyle modifications and toxicant-induced diseases. Understanding mechanistic relationships between nutritional modulation of environmental toxicants and susceptibility to disease development are important for both cumulative risk assessment and the design and implementation of future public health programs and behavioral interventions.