Friction in clay-bearing faults increases with the ionic radius of interlayer cations

Friction in clay-bearing faults increases with the ionic radius of interlayer cations
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含粘土断层中的摩擦随着层间阳离子的离子半径的增加而增加

DOI:
10.1038/s43247-022-00444-3
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
7.9
通讯作者:
Davatzes Nicholas C.
Davatzes Nicholas C.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sakuma Hiroshi;Lockner David A.;Solum John;Davatzes Nicholas C.

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蒙皂石可以极大地降低地壳断层的强度,在没有大地震的情况下也可能会引起自然断层的蠕变;然而,摩擦机制仍然无法解释。在这里,我们的剪切实验揭示了随着锂、钠、钾、铷和铯蒙脱石(断层中常见的蒙皂石)层间阳离子离子半径的增加,剪切强度会系统性增加。利用密度泛函理论计算,我们发现相对较小的钠离子适合蒙脱石表面的双三角空腔,导致滑动过程中层间斥力减弱。另一方面,相对较大的钾离子不适合双三角空腔,由于钾离子之间的静电排斥,导致滑动阻力较大。通过考虑摩擦接触区域的部分脱水,计算出的剪切强度与我们的剪切实验一致。这些结果为开发含蒙脱石断层流变学的定量模型提供了基础。
Smectite can dramatically reduce the strength of crustal faults and may cause creep on natural faults without great earthquakes; however, the frictional mechanism remains unexplained. Here, our shear experiments reveal systematic increase in shear strength with the increase of the ionic radius of interlayer cations among lithium-, sodium-, potassium-, rubidium-, and cesium-montmorillonites, a smectite commonly found in faults. Using density-functional-theory calculations, we find that relatively small sodium ions fit in the ditrigonal cavities on the montmorillonite surfaces, resulting in weakening of interlayer repulsion during sliding. On the other hand, relatively large potassium ions do not fit in the ditrigonal cavities, resulting in a larger resistance to sliding due to electrostatic repulsion between potassium ions. Calculated shear strength is consistent with our shear experiments by considering the partial dehydration of the frictional contact area. These results provide the basis for developing a quantitative model of smectite-bearing fault rheology.
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