Family planning and women's lives in rural China
Family planning and women's lives in rural China
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DOI：
10.1363/3006804
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gu, BC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hardee, K;Xie, ZM;Gu, BC
上下文到1979年，中国开始实施所谓的独生子女政策，严格限制夫妇生育。重要的是要了解中国妇女对这项政策和计划生育的使用如何影响她们的生活的看法。1996年和1998年从中国江苏、安徽和云南三个省的妇女中收集的调查和焦点小组数据被用来研究计划生育和生育与妇女家庭生活的联系，包括她们与配偶和其他家庭成员的关系，以及她们接受教育、就业和社会活动的机会。结果：妇女将计划生育与国家的经济状况以及她们通过减少需要抚养的孩子而实现繁荣的能力联系起来。日益繁荣使他们能够为儿童提供教育并为他们建造房屋。在江苏，73-75%的独生子女受访者对子女数量感到满意，不分性别;在安徽和云南，54-58%的独生子女女性表示满意，而只有31-50%的独生子女女性表示满意。绝大多数（73-99%）的妇女在所有三个省谁有两个孩子，无论性别，满意他们的孩子数量。CONCLUSIONS：很少有妇女质疑，妇女的生活比过去更好。然而，中国的独生子女政策使妇女，特别是农村妇女，一方面受到政府生育要求的压力，另一方面受到社会重男轻女的压力。
CONTEXT. By 1979, China had begun implementing the so-called one-child policy, which severely restricts couples' childbearing. It is important to understand Chinese women's perceptions of how their lives have been affected by this policy and by the use of family planning.METHODS: Survey and focus group data collected in 1996 and 1998 from women in three Chinese provinces-Jiangsu, Anhui and Yunnan-were used to examine links connecting family planning and childbearing to women's lives within the family, including their relationships with spouses and other family members, and their opportunities for education, employment and social activities.RESULTS: Women related family planning to the country's economic situation and to their ability to prosper by having fewer children to support. Increased prosperity enabled them to provide for children's education and to build them houses. In Jiangsu, 73-75% of respondents who had had one child were satisfied with their number of children, regardless of sex; in Anhui and Yunnan, 54-58% of women who had one son and no daughter reported being satisfied, compared with 31-50% of women who hod one daughter and no sons. The great majority (73-99%) of women in all three provinces who had two children-regardless of sex-were satisfied with their number of children.CONCLUSIONS: Few women disputed that women's lives were better now than in the past. China's one-child policy, however, places women-particularly those in rural areas-in a situation where they are pressured by the government's childbearing requirements on one side and by society's preference for sons on the other.