Interaction of bottom-up and top-down neural mechanisms in spatial multi-talker speech perception.
Interaction of bottom-up and top-down neural mechanisms in spatial multi-talker speech perception.
复制标题
空间多说话者语音感知中自下而上和自上而下神经机制的相互作用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.047
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mesgarani,Nima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Patel,Prachi;vanderHeijden,Kiki;Bickel,Stephan;Herrero,JoseL;Mehta,AsheshD;Mesgarani,Nima
人类的听觉皮层如何代表空间上分离的同时说话者，以及说话者的位置和声音如何调节有人注意和无人注意语音的神经表征尚不清楚。在这里，我们测量了神经外科患者植入电极的神经反应，因为他们执行单说话者和多说话者的语音感知任务。我们发现，说话者之间的空间分离导致了对侧言语的Heschl氏回（HG），颞平面（PT）和上级颞回（STG）的优先编码。位置和spectrotemporal功能编码在不同方面的神经反应。具体而言，谈话者的位置改变了平均响应水平，而谈话者的spectrotemporal功能改变了响应的基线周围的响应的变化。这些组件的差分调制出席讲话者的声音或位置，这提高了人口解码出席语音功能。注意调制由于说话者的声音只出现在听觉区与较长的潜伏期，但注意调制由于位置是整个存在。我们的研究结果表明，空间多说话者的语音感知依赖于一个可分离的前注意的神经表示，这可以进一步调整由上而下的注意说话者的位置和声音。
How the human auditory cortex represents spatially separated simultaneous talkers and how talkers' locations and voices modulate the neural representations of attended and unattended speech are unclear. Here, we measured the neural responses from electrodes implanted in neurosurgical patients as they performed single-talker and multi-talker speech perception tasks. We found that spatial separation between talkers caused a preferential encoding of the contralateral speech in Heschl's gyrus (HG), planum temporale (PT), and superior temporal gyrus (STG). Location and spectrotemporal features were encoded in different aspects of the neural response. Specifically, the talker's location changed the mean response level, whereas the talker's spectrotemporal features altered the variation of response around response's baseline. These components were differentially modulated by the attended talker's voice or location, which improved the population decoding of attended speech features. Attentional modulation due to the talker's voice only appeared in the auditory areas with longer latencies, but attentional modulation due to location was present throughout. Our results show that spatial multi-talker speech perception relies upon a separable pre-attentive neural representation, which could be further tuned by top-down attention to the location and voice of the talker.