A new microsimulation model for the evaluation of traffic safety performances
A new microsimulation model for the evaluation of traffic safety performances
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Astarita;G. Guido;A. Vitale;Vincenzo Pasquale Giofrè
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Astarita;G. Guido;A. Vitale;Vincenzo Pasquale Giofrè
最近发表了一些论文（Cunto和Saccomanno 2007，Cunto和Saccomanno 2008，Saccomanno等人2008），讨论了交通微观模拟在道路安全分析中的潜力。特别是，研究证实，通过模拟不同流量和几何条件下的用户行为，可以识别潜在的事故危害，并允许在道路网络的特定点采取适当的对策。本文的目的是评估这种方法的有效性，为此，已经开发了一个微观仿真模型和自动视频检测系统。微观模型允许通过一系列指标（避免碰撞的减速率、碰撞时间、停车距离比例）来估计道路安全性能，这些指标代表属于交通流的不同车辆对之间的真实的时间交互。当这些指标达到某个临界值时，就确定了可能的事故情景。将微观仿真模型与一种新的视频图像交通检测算法相结合，计算车辆运动轨迹。利用视频检测得到的微观交通流参数对微观仿真模型进行标定，并将真实的车辆轨迹得到的安全性能指标与模拟轨迹上得到的安全性能指标进行对比。结果表明，该方法可以是有用的安全性能指标的估计和评价交通控制措施。
Some papers have been recently presented (Cunto and Saccomanno 2007, Cunto and Saccomanno 2008, Saccomanno et al. 2008) on the potential of traffic microsimulation for the analysis of road safety. In particular, studies have confirmed that the reproduction by simulation of user behaviour under different flow and geometry conditions, can identify a potential incident hazard and allow to take appropriate countermeasures at specific points of the road network. The objective of this paper is to assess the validity of this approach; for this reason a microsimulation model and an automatic video detection system have been developed. The microscopic model allows the estimation of road safety performance through a series of indicators (Deceleration Rate to Avoid Crash, Time to Collision, Proportion of Stopping Distance), representing interactions in real time, between different pairs of vehicles belonging to the traffic stream. When these indicators take a certain critical value, a possible accident scenario is identified. The microscopic simulation model is used combined with a new video image traffic detection algorithm to calculate vehicle trajectories. Microscopic traffic flow parameters obtained by video detection are used to calibrate the microsimulation model, and the safety performance indicators obtained by the real vehicles trajectories can be compared with simulated scenarios where safety performance indicators are obtained on the simulated trajectories. Results indicate that the methodology can be useful in the estimation of safety performance indicators and in evaluating traffic control measures.