Limitations to and Derogations from Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Limitations to and Derogations from Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
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对经济、社会和文化权利的限制和减损
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Amrei Müller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amrei Müller
本文探讨了经济、社会和文化权利的限制和减损问题。关于限制，本文分析了1966年《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》（ICESCR）第4条（限制）及其与ICESCR第2条(1)款（逐步实现）的关系。它认为，第4条的标准应作为统一标准适用于评价对经济、社会和文化权利的所有限制，而不管这些限制的理由是什么。这是在经济、社会和文化权利委员会的做法的背景下提出的，该委员会一方面区分了各国在面临第2(1)条规定的资源限制时可能采取的倒退措施；另一方面，第4条规定的基于其他原因的限制。关于减损，讨论的问题是，尽管ICESCR没有包含减损条款，但是否允许国家对ICESCR进行减损。在各州和经济、社会和文化权利委员会的做法中可以观察到一种趋势，即允许对《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》劳工权利的减损，但不允许对其他经济、社会和文化权利的减损，特别是对这些权利下的最低核心义务的减损。
This article explores the question of limitations to and derogations from economic, social and cultural rights. With regard to limitations, it analyses Article 4 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 (ICESCR) (limitations) and its relationship to Article 2(1) of the ICESCR (progressive realisation). It argues that the criteria of Article 4 should be applied as a uniform standard to evaluate all limitations of economic, social and cultural rights, regardless of the reasons for which these limitations are made. This is against the background of the approach of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which draws a distinction between retrogressive measures states may take when they face resource constraints under Article 2(1) on the one hand; and limitations for other reasons under Article 4 on the other hand. With regard to derogations, the question is discussed whether states are permitted to derogate from the ICESCR despite the fact that the ICESCR does not contain a derogation clause. A tendency can be observed in the states’ and the CESCR’s approach to allow for derogations from the ICESCR’s labour rights, but to exclude derogations from other ESC rights, in particular from minimum core obligations under these rights.