FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE IN THE UNITED-STATES - THE BASE-LINE SURVEY OF THE 5 A DAY FOR BETTER HEALTH-PROGRAM
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE IN THE UNITED-STATES - THE BASE-LINE SURVEY OF THE 5 A DAY FOR BETTER HEALTH-PROGRAM
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DOI：
10.4278/0890-1171-9.5.352
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
KESSLER, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SUBAR, AF;HEIMENDINGER, J;KESSLER, R
目的. 每日五次基线调查的目的是评估美国成年人的水果和蔬菜摄入量及其相关因素。 问卷调查采用电话方式，询问33种水果蔬菜的摄入频率、人口统计学资料、态度和水果蔬菜相关知识。 本研究于1991年夏天通过电话进行的全国代表性随机数字拨号调查，应答率为42.8%。 受访者是2811名美国成年人（包括非裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人的过度样本）。 计算了自我报告的水果和蔬菜摄入量的平均值和中位数。 每周估计的食用量根据对有关水果和蔬菜总摄入量的汇总问题的回答进行调整。 水果和蔬菜的平均摄入量为每天3.4份。 线性回归（占不超过10%的变化）表明，教育，收入和吸烟状况的水果和蔬菜的摄入量的预测和增加教育，收入和非吸烟状态。 在所有年龄段，妇女的摄入量都高于男子;男女之间的这些差异随着年龄的增长而增加。 水果和蔬菜的摄入量随着白人和西班牙裔美国人年龄的增长而增加，但非裔美国人则没有。 美国成年人的水果和蔬菜摄入量低于推荐的每日最低五份。 这些数据将有助于确定运动的目标，并评估“一日五人增进健康方案”的进展情况。
Purpose. The purpose of the Five A Day Baseline Survey was to assess fruit and vegetable intake and associated factors among US adults.Design. Questionnaires querying frequency of intake of 33 fruits and vegetables, as well as demographics, attitudes, and knowledge related to fruits and vegetables were administered by telephone.Setting. The study was a nationally representative random digit dial survey conducted by telephone in the summer of 1991; response rate was 42.8%.Subjects. Respondents were 2811 US adults (including an oversample of African-Americans and Hispanics).Measures. Mean and median self-reported intakes of fruits and vegetables were calculated. Estimated servings per week were adjusted on the basis of responses to summary questions regarding overall fruit and vegetable intakes.Results. Median intake of fruits and vegetables was 3.4 servings per day. Linear regressions (accounting for no more than 10% of the variation) showed that education, income, and smoking status were predictors of fruit and vegetable intake and that intake increased with education, income, and nonsmoking status. Women had higher intakes than men at all ages; these differences between men and women increased with age. Fruit and vegetable intakes increased with age for whites and Hispanics, but not for African-Americans.Conclusions. Fruit and vegetable intake among adults in the United States is lower than the recommended minimum of five daily servings. These data will be useful in targeting campaign efforts and in assessing progress of the Five A Day for Better Health Program.