Labor markets in developing countries
Labor markets in developing countries
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发展中国家的劳动力市场
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Behrman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Behrman
本章涵盖了在发展中国家工作的世界上80%的劳动力的选定主题。这些议题：(1)与发达经济体相比，在发展中国家（即家族企业、劳动力市场缺失、地域流动性、健康/营养对生产率的影响）受到了相对较多的关注，因为它们在发展中国家更为重要；(2)由于制度、行为和现有数据的性质允许对这些主题进行更广泛的实证检查（即，在不完善的市场存在下对冲击的劳动力调整，劳动力市场中的信息问题），因此对发展中国家的劳动力市场进行了更广泛的考虑，并且(3)对发展中经济体和发达经济体进行了广泛的考虑，但对发展中国家的部分文献采用了一些不同的方法和结果(例如，劳动力市场回归的决定因素是学校教育)。本文围绕五大主题展开讨论：(1)家庭企业模式、剩余劳动力、变相就业与失业、完全市场与可分离性、劳动力供给；（二）劳动合同、风险和激励；(3)人力资本投资的决定因素和回报（除学校教育外，还包括健康和营养）；(4)城市劳动力市场、劳动力市场法规、国际贸易政策与制造业；(5)分布和流动性。
This chapter covers selected topics for the 80% of the world's labor force that works in the developing countries. These topics are ones that have: (1) received relatively great attention in developing countries compared to developed economies (i.e., family enterprises, missing labor markets, geographical mobility, health/nutrition effects on productivity) because of their greater importance in developing countries; (2) been considered more extensively for developing than developed labor markets because the nature of institutions, behaviors and available data permit more extensive empirical examination of these topics (i.e., labor adjustments to shocks in the presence of imperfect markets, information problems in labor markets), and (3) been considered extensively for both developing and developed economies but with some different approaches and results for part of the developing country literature (e.g., determinants of and labor market returns to schooling). The discussion is organized around five broad topics: (1) The household enterprise model, surplus labor, disguised employment and unemployment, complete markets and separability, and labor supplies; (2) labor contracts, risks and incentives; (3) determinants of and returns to human capital investments (including health and nutrition in addition to schooling); (4) urban labor markets, labor-market regulations, international trade policies and manufacturing; and (5) distribution and mobility.