Discovery of new colonies by Sentinel2 reveals good and bad news for emperor penguins
Discovery of new colonies by Sentinel2 reveals good and bad news for emperor penguins
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DOI：
10.1002/rse2.176
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发表时间：
2020-08-04
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Trathan, Philip N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fretwell, Peter T.;Trathan, Philip N.
帝企鹅的分布是绕极地的，目前报告了 54 个栖息地，其中截至 2019 年已有 50 个。在此，我们报告了 8 个新发现的栖息地，并确认重新发现了 3 个繁殖地（在超高分辨率卫星图像可用之前才报道过），总共有 61 个繁殖地。这意味着繁殖地数量增加了约 20%，但是，由于大多数蜂群规模较小，它们可能只会使总种群数量增加约 5-10%。 Sentinel2 卫星图像的使用促进了这些发现，该卫星图像比以前用于搜索殖民地的陆地卫星数据具有更高的分辨率和更有效的搜索机制。这些新群体的小规模表明，在挤作一团的过程中，考虑生殖产出与代谢率的关系可能会引起人们的兴趣。一些栖息地存在于近海栖息地，这是以前没有关于帝企鹅的报道。与最近的建模结果进行比较表明，所有新发现的群体的地理位置都位于在照常温室气体排放情景下可能高度脆弱的地区，这表明该物种的种群数量减少将比之前想象的更大。
The distribution of emperor penguins is circumpolar, with 54 colony locations currently reported of which 50 are currently extant as of 2019. Here we report on eight newly discovered colonies and confirm the rediscovery of three breeding sites, only previously reported in the era before Very High Resolution satellite imagery was available, making a total of 61 breeding locations. This represents an increase of similar to 20% in the number of breeding sites, but, as most of the colonies appear to be small, they may only increase the total population by around 5-10%. The discoveries have been facilitated by the use of Sentinel2 satellite imagery, which has a higher resolution and more efficient search mechanism than the Landsat data previously used to search for colonies. The small size of these new colonies indicates that considerations of reproductive output in relation to metabolic rate during huddling is likely to be of interest. Some of the colonies exist in offshore habitats, something not previously reported for emperor penguins. Comparison with recent modelling results show that the geographic locations of all the newly found colonies are in areas likely to be highly vulnerable under business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, suggesting that population decreases for the species will be greater than previously thought.