Ecotoxicoparasitology: Understanding mercury concentrations in gut contents, intestinal helminths and host tissues of Alaskan gray wolves (Canis lupus).
Ecotoxicoparasitology: Understanding mercury concentrations in gut contents, intestinal helminths and host tissues of Alaskan gray wolves (Canis lupus).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.106
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ballweber LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McGrew AK;O'Hara TM;Stricker CA;Margaret Castellini J;Beckmen KB;Salman MD;Ballweber LR
一些胃肠道蠕虫从它们生活的管腔内容物中获得营养;因此，它们可能在进食期间暴露于非必需元素，如汞（Hg）。本研究的目的是：1）测定灰狼（Canis lupus）及其寄生虫体内的总汞浓度（[THg]），2）利用稳定同位素评价宿主体内的营养关系。[THg]和稳定同位素（C和N）测定蠕虫，宿主组织，内腔内容物从88狼。63只狼含有肉眼可见的蠕虫（71.5%）。绦虫和蛔虫的感染率分别为63.6%（56/88）和20.5%（18/88）。这63只狼中有9只同时含有绦虫和蛔虫（14.3%）。所有蛔虫均为狮弓蛔虫。存在的带绦虫种类包括T. krabbei和T.包虫在胃肠道内，近端小肠内腔内容物中的[THg]显著低于远端小肠。肝脏和带[THg]之间存在显著正相关。绦虫的生物累积系数（BAF）范围为<1至22.9，狮弓蛔虫的BAF范围为1.1至12.3。绦虫和蛔虫的BAF显着高于1，这表明这两个群体都能够在狼宿主中积累THg。δ 13 C在带绦虫中显著低于宿主肝脏和骨骼肌。[THg]在蠕虫和宿主组织中，结合稳定的同位素（C和N）值，提供了深入了解宿主胃肠道的食物网动态，并有助于阐明生态毒理学寄生虫学关系。[THg]在整个胃肠道和寄生虫群体之间的变化，强调需要进一步评估摄食生态位的影响，以及寄生虫的营养需求，因为它们与宿主内的毒物暴露和分布有关。
Some gastrointestinal helminths acquire nutrients from the lumen contents in which they live; thus, they may be exposed to non-essential elements, such as mercury (Hg), during feeding. The objectives of this study were: 1) determine the total mercury concentrations ([THg]) in Gray wolves (Canis lupus) and their parasites, and 2) use stable isotopes to evaluate the trophic relationships within the host. [THg] and stable isotopes (C and N) were determined for helminths, host tissues, and lumen contents from 88 wolves. Sixty-three wolves contained grossly visible helminths (71.5%). The prevalence of taeniids and ascarids was 63.6% (56/88) and 20.5% (18/88), respectively. Nine of these 63 wolves contained both taeniids and ascarids (14.3%). All ascarids were determined to be Toxascaris leonina. Taenia species present included T. krabbei and T. hydatigena. Within the GI tract, [THg] in the lumen contents of the proximal small intestine were significantly lower than in the distal small intestine. There was a significant positive association between hepatic and taeniid [THg]. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) ranged from <1 to 22.9 in taeniids, and 1.1 to 12.3 in Toxascaris leonina. Taeniid and ascarid BAF were significantly higher than 1, suggesting that both groups are capable of THg accumulation in their wolf host. δ13C in taeniids was significantly lower than in host liver and skeletal muscle. [THg] in helminths and host tissues, in conjunction with stable isotope (C and N) values, provides insight into food-web dynamics of the host GI tract, and aids in elucidating ecotoxicoparasitologic relationships. Variation of [THg] throughout the GI tract, and between parasitic groups, underscores the need to further evaluate the effect(s) of feeding niche, and the nutritional needs of parasites, as they relate to toxicant exposure and distribution within the host.