South‐North Migration in the Asia‐Pacific Region
South‐North Migration in the Asia‐Pacific Region
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亚太地区的南北移民
DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-2435.1991.tb01013.x
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
C. Stahl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Stahl
本文讨论了亚太地区国家之间经济和人口差距日益扩大的一个表现，即劳动力因收入和就业机会的空间差异而进行的国际流动，以及这种流动对该地区经济发展的影响。当我开始研究东盟地区的国际移民时(Stahl，1984,1986)，我所能得出的结论受到数据匮乏的极大阻碍，这种情况在过去十年中只有轻微的改善。尽管自20世纪70年代中期以来，亚洲工人一直在大量前往中东，目前在石油资源丰富的国家有超过300万人(Birks，et.，1988)，但本文的重点是APR内部和进入该地区的移民。这一流动有两种基本形式：(1)低水平(非熟练和半熟练)劳动力从劳动力丰富的贫穷国家向相对快速增长的资本资源富裕国家的区域内流动；(2)高水平劳动力在直接外国投资和外国援助的作用下流入亚太地区和亚太区域内。为简单起见，让我们将后一种类型的迁移称为资本辅助迁移，或CAM迁移，以创造一个缩写。前者我们称之为非CAM迁移。这两种类型的人力转移在整个区域无处不在，并将该区域的经济无情地联系在一起。这两类流动对发展政策都有重要但不同的影响。
This paper is concerned with one manifestation of growing economic and demographic disparities between countries within the Asian-Pacific region (APR), viz., the international movement of manpower in response to spatial variations in income and employment opportunities, and the impact that this movement has had on the economic development of the region’s economies. When I began research on international migration in the ASEAN region (Stahl, 1984, 1986), the conclusions which I could draw were greatly hampered by dearth of data, a situation which has improved only marginally during the last decade.Although Asian workers have been going to the Middle East in large numbers since the mid 1970s, and currently there are over 3 million in oil-rich states (Birks, et al., 1988), the focus of this paper is on migration within and into the APR. This movement takes two basic forms:(1) intra-regional migration of low-level (unskilled and semiskilled) manpower from the poor labour-abundant countries to the relatively rapidly growing capitalhesource rich countries and (2) the movement of high-level manpower into and within the APR in association with direct foreign investment and foreign aid. For simplicity, let us call the latter type of migration capital-assisted migration, or CAM migration to coin an acronym. The former we shall call non-CAM migration. Manpower relocations of both types arc pervasive throughout the region and have served to inexorably and inextricably link the economies of the region. Both types of movement have important but nonetheless different implications for development policy.