Extremophilic fungi in arctic ice: a relationship between adaptation to low temperature and water activity
Extremophilic fungi in arctic ice: a relationship between adaptation to low temperature and water activity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.056
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Plemenitas, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gunde-Cimerman, N;Sonjak, S;Plemenitas, A
对极寒地区的真菌多样性知之甚少。低温诱导冰晶的形成，因此也产生低水活度（a（w））。这些是影响寒冷地区微生物生物群的外部化学的主导因素。因此，我们使用了选择性低水分活度介质加上低培养温度从北极环境中分离真菌。与在中温培养基上获得的菌落形成单位（CFU）的最高值相比，在低α培养基上检测到相当高的真菌CFU/升水，在海水中为1000至3000 l（-1），在融化的海冰中为6000至7000 l（-1），在融化的冰川冰中高达13，000 l（-1）。优势类群为子囊菌和担子菌酵母菌、黑化真菌，以枝孢属和短梗霉属为主，并有青霉属的不同种。初步分类分析发现了几个新物种和新变种。需要进一步的表征，以确定这种多样性是由于地理隔离，生态条件或独立的进化起源。(C)2003爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Little is known about fungal diversity in extremely cold regions. Low temperatures induce the formation of ice crystals and therefore also the creation of low water activity (a(w)). These are the dominant factors in external chemistry that influence microbial biota in cold regions. Therefore, we have used selective low water activity media plus low incubation temperatures for the isolation of fungi from an Arctic environment. In comparison with the highest values of colony forming units (CFU) obtained on mesophilic media, considerably higher fungal CFU per litre of water were detected on low a, media, ranging from 1000 to 3000 l(-1) in seawater, 6000 to 7000 l(-1) in melted sea ice and up to 13,000 l(-1) in melted glacier ice. The dominant taxa were ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts, melanized fungi, mainly represented by the genera Cladosporium and Aureobasidium plus different species of the genus Penicillium. Preliminary taxonomic analyses revealed several new species and varieties. Further characterisations are needed to determine whether this diversity is due to geographic isolation, ecological conditions or independent evolutionary origin. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.