A Survey of Insect Assemblages Responding to Volatiles from a Ubiquitous Fungus in an Agricultural Landscape
A Survey of Insect Assemblages Responding to Volatiles from a Ubiquitous Fungus in an Agricultural Landscape
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-013-0278-z
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Landolt, Peter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davis, Thomas Seth;Landolt, Peter J.
我们在这里报告的第一次调查昆虫定向真菌文化和真菌挥发物从社区生态学的角度来看。我们测试了一种无处不在的酵母样真菌（出芽短梗霉）的挥发物是否对农业景观中的昆虫具有广泛的吸引力。我们评估了昆虫吸引真菌培养物和合成化合物中确定的真菌顶空（2-甲基-1-丁醇，3-甲基-1-丁醇，2-苯基乙醇）在留兰香（薄荷L.）种植园。得出了三个结论：（1）7目39种1,315只昆虫，其中双翅目昆虫占65%，食蚜蝇占80%;与未加诱饵的对照诱捕器相比，普鲁兰霉菌诱捕器捕获的昆虫平均多481%，并且与对照诱捕器、用扩展青霉（Penicilliumexpansum）作诱饵的诱捕器或未接种的培养基相比，普鲁兰霉菌诱捕器包含更多样化（Shannon ′ sH指数）和物种丰富的组合;以及（3）昆虫最大丰度定向于A.普鲁兰挥发物，但平均多样性得分最高的陷阱，只有2-苯基乙醇或2-甲基-1-丁醇。我们的研究结果表明，真菌顶空的各个组成部分是不相等的昆虫，面向他们的丰度和多样性。与P. expansum捕获的昆虫丰度低表明，昆虫组合不偶然定向真菌挥发物。我们的结论是，挥发性物质从一个共同的真菌物种（A。普鲁兰类）对农业系统中的多种昆虫类群具有吸引力，并且昆虫对真菌挥发物的定向可能是一种常见的生态现象。
We report here a first survey of insect orientation to fungal cultures and fungal volatiles from a community ecology perspective. We tested whether volatiles from a ubiquitous yeast-like fungus (Aureobasidium pullulans) are broadly attractive to insects in an agricultural landscape. We evaluated insect attraction to fungal cultures and synthetic compounds identified in fungal headspace (2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol) in a spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) plantation. Three findings emerged: (1) 1,315 insects representing seven orders and 39 species oriented to traps, but 65 % of trapped insects were Dipterans, of which 80 % were hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae); (2) traps baited with A. pullulans caught 481 % more insects than unbaited control traps on average, and contained more diverse (Shannon's H index) and species rich assemblages than control traps, traps baited with Penicillium expansum, or uninoculated media; and (3) insects oriented in greatest abundance to a 1:1:1 blend of A. pullulans volatiles, but mean diversity scores were highest for traps baited with only 2-phenylethanol or 2-methyl-1-butanol. Our results show that individual components of fungal headspace are not equivalent in terms of the abundance and diversity of insects that orient to them. The low abundance of insects captured with P. expansum suggests that insect assemblages do not haphazardly orient to fungal volatiles. We conclude that volatiles from a common fungal species (A. pullulans) are attractive to a variety of insect taxa in an agricultural system, and that insect orientation to fungal volatiles may be a common ecological phenomenon.