On the enigmatic diatom Rhizosolenia dubia, its relationship to Pseudopyxilla and Proboscia, and description of a new species, Proboscia pinocchioi sp. nov.

On the enigmatic diatom Rhizosolenia dubia, its relationship to Pseudopyxilla and Proboscia, and description of a new species, Proboscia pinocchioi sp. nov.
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关于神秘的硅藻Rhizosolenia dubia,它与Pseudopyxilla和Proboscia的关系,以及新物种Proboscia pinocchioi sp的描述。

DOI:
10.1080/0269249x.2022.2154280
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
R.W.
R.W.
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Abe;K. & Jordan;R.W.

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皮西拉? dubia最初是在日德兰半岛描述的,但随后转移到Pseudopyxilla。然而,在相隔八十多年的时间里,发现了两个具有管状异价硅藻的神秘标本,其一端有假盘管藻,另一端有根管管阀,从而产生了一种新的组合,即疑根管藻。在此,我们详细记录了使用光学和扫描电子显微镜在莫尔斯(日德兰)早期始新世样本中观察到的样本的瓣膜形态。我们的结果揭示了两种瓣膜类型的存在(但从未作为异价硅藻壳)。根管类瓣膜具有一个长鼻,顶端有三个小刺(中间的小刺非常广泛),背侧有一个纵向狭缝,腹侧圆顶瓣的基部有扣环。我们的结果表明,Pseudopyxillafrustule 是一种未知硅藻的休眠孢子,而“根管藻”瓣膜则代表了新物种 Proboscia pinocchioisp 的营养阶段。十一月从进化的角度来看,P.匹诺曹没有白鲸谱系的纵向脊,但具有巴布瓦谱系的特征性极小刺和有限的孔隙分布。然而,P.令人惊讶的是,匹诺曹拥有抱子(通常只在藻类中观察到)——代表了根管状硅藻中抱子的最古老证据。
Pyxilla? dubiawas originally described from Jutland, but subsequently transferred toPseudopyxilla. However, the discovery, over eighty years apart, of two enigmatic specimens with tubular heterovalvate frustules featuring aPseudopyxilla dubiavalve at one end and a rhizosolenioid valve at the other end resulted in a new combination,Rhizosolenia dubia. Herein, we document in detail the valve morphology of specimens observed in early Eocene samples from Mors (Jutland) using light and scanning electron microscopy. Our results reveal the presence of both valve types (but never as heterovalvate frustules). The rhizosolenioid valves possess a proboscis with three spinulae at the tip (the middle one being very extensive), a longitudinal slit on the dorsal side, and claspers on the basal part of the domed valve on the ventral side. Our results suggest that thePseudopyxillafrustule is the resting spore of a yet, unknown diatom, while the ‘rhizosolenioid’ valve represents the vegetative phase of a new species,Proboscia pinocchioisp. nov. From an evolutionary standpoint,P. pinocchioilacks the longitudinal ridges of thecretacealineage, but bears the characteristic polar spinulae and limited pore distribution of thebarboilineage. However,P. pinocchioisurprisingly possesses claspers (normally observed only in thealatalineage) – representing the oldest evidence of claspers in rhizosolenioid diatoms.
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