The choice of examiner patent citations for refusals: evidence from the trilateral offices
The choice of examiner patent citations for refusals: evidence from the trilateral offices
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审查员驳回专利引证的选择：来自三边局的证据
DOI：
10.1007/s11192-018-2885-5
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Tetsuo Wada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang;F.;Kunimitsu,Y.;Tetsuo Wada
利用一种基于国际家族专利引用数据的新方法，本文直接比较了主要专利局之间的X/Y专利引用(即那些被引用为拒绝理由的专利，在美国相当于阻止专利)。尽管有新颖性的共同专利标准和产生引用的创造性步骤，但两局之间的显著差异仍被揭示出来。然后介绍了一组X/Y专利引文与全局添加到同一原始申请中的所有引文之间的一种简单的余弦相似性度量。还研究了欧洲专利局(EPO)和美国专利商标局(USPTO)X/Y专利引用的差异如何与申请的特点和该局行动的纵向方面有关。欧洲专利局和美国专利商标局的X/Y专利引用通常表明，专利申请类别的范围与拒绝理由的不同呈正相关，这表明昂贵的审查导致X/Y专利引用的多样化。这篇论文的一个新的方法论特征是，如果我们采用家庭对家庭的引用和X/Y引用类别的共同标准，则不同司法管辖区的审查员引用是可比较的。此外，与引用文献只向现有技术添加一次引用的正常引用生成过程不同，本文首次尝试分析具有来自不同各方的多个引用机会的引用网络。我们发现，引文链接的差异与不同的引文作者以相同的方式评价现有技术的难易程度呈负相关，从而为引文影响的广度概念提供了一个新的视角。
Utilizing a novel methodology based on international family-to-family patent citation data, this paper directly compares X/Y patent citations (i.e., those cited as grounds for rejections, equivalent to “blocking patents” in the US) between major patent offices. Remarkable discrepancies between the offices were revealed, despite the common patentability criteria of novelty and inventive step to generate citations. This paper then introduces a simple cosine similarity measurement between a family of X/Y patent citations and all citations added globally to the same original application. How the discrepancies of X/Y patent citations at the European Patent Office (EPO) and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) relate to the characteristics of applications and longitudinal aspects of office actions were also examined. X/Y patent citations from both the EPO and USPTO commonly show that the range of patent application classes is positively correlated with divergent reasons for refusal, suggesting that costly examinations lead to diversified X/Y patent citations. One novel methodological feature of this paper is that examiner citations across jurisdictions are comparable if we employ family-to-family citations and common criteria for the X/Y citation category. Furthermore, unlike the normal citation-generating process where a citing document adds citations to prior art only once, this paper represents the first attempt to analyze a citation network with multiple citing opportunities from separate parties. We find that the variance of citation linkages has a negative relationship with the ease in which different citers evaluate prior art in the same way, thereby providing a new perspective on the notion of breadth in citation impact.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Wada T
通讯作者：
Wada T
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3024621
发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
US Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) Economic Research Paper Series
影响因子：
--
作者：
Qiang Lu;Amanda F. Myers;Scott Beliveau
通讯作者：
Qiang Lu;Amanda F. Myers;Scott Beliveau
I.56 世界知识产权组织（WIPO）
DOI：
10.4337/9781784713546.73
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
H. Hestermeyer
通讯作者：
H. Hestermeyer
美国专利商标局专利审查研究数据集：专利审查过程的窗口
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2702637
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Stuart J. H. Graham;Alan C. Marco;Richard D. Miller
通讯作者：
Richard D. Miller
“审查员驳回引文的选择：来自三边办公室的证据”
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Koshi Tomoya;Iwase Eiji;Tetsuo Wada
通讯作者：
Tetsuo Wada