Critical Evaluation of CrAssphage as a Molecular Marker for Human-Derived Wastewater Contamination in the Aquatic Environment
Critical Evaluation of CrAssphage as a Molecular Marker for Human-Derived Wastewater Contamination in the Aquatic Environment
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DOI：
10.1007/s12560-019-09369-1
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jones, Davey L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Farkas, Kata;Adriaenssens, Evelien M.;Jones, Davey L.
人类产生的废水的排放是对水质的重大威胁，有可能爆发主要与肠道病毒有关的水媒疾病。为了预防疾病，在污染地区监测与粪便污染有关的指标，然而，它们的流行往往与病毒病原体没有很好的相关性。在这项研究中，我们使用crAssphage，一种最近发现的人类特异性肠道相关噬菌体，用于监测废水来源的病毒污染。从康威河和河口(UK)采集未经处理和处理的废水、地表水、沉积物和贻贝样本，为期一年，并用定量聚合酶链式反应分析crAssphage标记物。这是第一个关于环境污染物浓度的从集水区到海岸的长期尺度研究。在所有样本类型中均检测到CrAssphage，且没有表现出明显的季节规律。未经处理的总进水样中的gC/L为2×10(5)~10(9)个，二级处理出水中为10(7)~10(8)个gC/L；地表水中gC/L为3×10(3)~3×10(7)gC/L(94%)，底泥(68%)和贻贝消化组织(79%)中为2×10(2)~10(4)个。CrAssphage浓度比人肠道病毒(诺如病毒、沙粒病毒、腺病毒、多瘤病毒)滴度高1-5个对数(10)。我们的结果表明，crAssphage非常适合于人类废水污染的跟踪和水环境污染风险评估。
The discharge of human-derived wastewater represents a major threat to water quality with the potential for waterborne disease outbreaks mainly associated with enteric viruses. To prevent illnesses, indicators associated with fecal contamination are monitored in polluted areas, however, their prevalence often does not correlate well with viral pathogens. In this study, we used crAssphage, a recently discovered human-specific gut-associated bacteriophage, for the surveillance of wastewater-derived viral contamination. Untreated and treated wastewater, surface water, sediment and mussel samples were collected monthly over 1 year from the Conwy River and estuary (UK) and were analyzed for crAssphage marker by quantitative PCR. This is the first long-term catchment-to-coast scale study of environmental crAssphage concentrations. CrAssphage was detected in all sample types and showed no distinct seasonal pattern. CrAssphage concentrations were 2 x 10(5)-10(9) genome copies (gc)/L in all untreated wastewater influent and 10(7)-10(8) gc/L in secondary treated effluent samples, 3 x 10(3) gc/L-3 x 10(7) gc/L in surface water samples (94% positive) and 2 x 10(2)-10(4) gc/g sediment (68% positive) and mussel digestive tissue (79% positive). CrAssphage concentrations were 1-5 log(10) higher than human enteric virus titers (norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, polyomavirus). Our results indicate that crAssphage is well suited to tracking human wastewater contamination and pollution risk assessment in aquatic environments.