Victims of rape show increased cortisol responses to trauma reminders: A study in individuals with war- and torture-related PTSD
Victims of rape show increased cortisol responses to trauma reminders: A study in individuals with war- and torture-related PTSD
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.06.005
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kolassa, Iris-Tatjana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gola, Hannah;Engler, Harald;Kolassa, Iris-Tatjana
调查创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者皮质醇对创伤相关压力源的反应的研究得出了不一致的结果，表明在面对创伤提醒时，皮质醇反应增强或不受影响。这项研究调查了在面对创伤相关物质时经历的创伤类型对唾液和血浆皮质醇反应的影响。参与者是 30 名战争和酷刑的幸存者，经历过或未经历过创伤性事件。两组参与者（被强奸者与非被强奸者）均符合 DSM-IV 的 PTSD 标准。在标准化临床访谈期间，在三个时间点测量血浆和唾液皮质醇水平：评估个人创伤经历之前一次和之后两次。结果显示，各组的基础血浆和唾液皮质醇水平没有差异。然而，与那些没有被强奸的 PTSD 患者相比，在被强奸的 PTSD 患者中观察到不同的唾液皮质醇反应 (p < .05)，但经历过相同数量的创伤事件并表现出同样高的 PTSD 症状严重程度。对于没有强奸经历的群体来说，唾液皮质醇水平在访谈过程中下降（p < .05），而那些被强奸的 PTSD 患者在想起他们的创伤事件时表现出显着的皮质醇升高（p < .001）。在血浆皮质醇中没有发现这种效应。我们的研究结果表明，在面对与创伤相关的物质时，所经历的创伤应激类型会导致皮质醇反应。我们假设，在创伤事件期间肇事者的接近可能会影响后来对创伤提醒的心理生理反应。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Studies investigating cortisol responses to trauma-related stressors in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have yielded inconsistent results, demonstrating that cortisol responses were enhanced or unaffected when confronted with trauma reminders. This study investigated the effect of the type of trauma experienced on both salivary and plasma cortisol responses during confrontation with trauma-related material. Participants were 30 survivors of war and torture, with and without rape among the traumatic events experienced. Participants of both groups (raped vs. non-raped) fulfilled DSM-IV criteria of PTSD. Plasma and salivary cortisol levels were measured at three time points during a standardized clinical interview: once before and twice after assessing individual traumatic experiences. Results show that groups did not differ in basal plasma and salivary cortisol levels. However, differential salivary cortisol responses were observed in PTSD patients who had been raped compared to those who had not been raped (p < .05) but had experienced an equal number of traumatic events and showed equally high PTSD symptom severity. Whereas salivary cortisol levels decreased in the course of the interview for the group with no past experience of rape ( p < .05), those PTSD patients who had been raped showed a significant cortisol increase when reminded of their traumatic events (p < .001). This effect was not found in plasma cortisol. Our results indicate that the type of traumatic stress experienced contributes to cortisol responses during the confrontation with trauma-related material. We hypothesize, that the nearness of the perpetrator during the traumatic event might shape later psychophysiological responding to trauma reminders. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.