Efficacy of biological and chemical treatments for control of fusarium root and stem rot on greenhouse cucumber
Efficacy of biological and chemical treatments for control of fusarium root and stem rot on greenhouse cucumber
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DOI：
10.1094/pdis.2003.87.12.1462
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Punja, ZK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rose, S;Parker, M;Punja, ZK
对黄瓜根腐病的防治方法进行了研究。胡瓜根病菌（sp. radicis-cucumerinum）蟹壳/虾壳甲壳素;三种堆肥介质;生物防治剂绿针假单胞菌菌株63-28、哈茨木霉（RootShield Drench）、灰绿链霉菌（Mycostop）、链状粘帚霉（Prestop WP，Prestop Mix）和绿木霉（Gliocladium）（SoilGard）;以及杀真菌剂福美双或苯菌灵在播种时加入，随后接种病原体。在泥炭基质中添加4%的甲壳素能显著（P <0.05）促进幼苗生长，提高土壤pH值，减少尖孢镰刀菌的发生。sp. radicis-cucumerinum种群，但病情加重。将堆肥培养基（温室堆肥、料堆堆肥乳制品固体和蚯蚓堆肥乳制品固体）添加到岩棉块培养基中的播种腔中，48小时后接种尖孢镰刀菌（F oxysporum f.）sp. radicis-cucumerinum，在37天后测量时降低了幼苗死亡率。温室堆肥显著（P：！0.05）比另外两种堆肥更具抑制性，并且通过堆肥的灭菌部分消除了抑制。生防制剂G.当在接种病原体之前24小时在岩棉块培养基中播种时施用小链藻（配制为Prestop WP和Prestop Mix）时，其显著降低了幼苗死亡率。在这些实验条件下，与对照植物相比，其他生物防治剂都没有降低病害发生率。绿针假单胞菌和杀真菌剂福美双都显着降低植物死亡率在17和24摄氏度时，病原体感染的种子进行处理，或当细菌处理和杀真菌剂处理的种子种植到病原体感染的泥炭介质在24摄氏度。在半商业化繁殖条件下，由Prestop WP、RootShield Drench Mycostop和堆料堆肥乳制品固体组成的处理降低了尖孢菌引起的疾病的严重程度。sp. radicis-cucumerinum的结果。生长条件的季节性差异影响到病害的发生率和严重程度，从而影响到生物防治剂的效力。本研究结果表明，几种不同的方法可以用于控制温室黄瓜镰刀菌根腐病和茎腐病的苗期。
Potential disease control methods were evaluated against root and stem rot of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. Crab/shrimp shell chitin; three composted media; the biological control agents Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 63-28, Trichoderma harzianum (RootShield Drench), Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop), Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop WP, Prestop Mix), and Trichoderma (Gliocladium) virens (SoilGard); and the fungicides thiram or benomyl were added at seeding time followed by inoculation with the pathogen. The addition of chitin (4%, vol/vol) to a peat-based medium significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) enhanced seedling growth, increased soil pH, and reduced F oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum populations, but the severity of disease was increased. The addition of composted media (greenhouse compost, windrow composted dairy solids, and vermi-composted dairy solids) to the seeding cavity in a rock wool block medium, followed 48 h later by inoculation with F oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, reduced seedling mortality when measured after 37 days. Greenhouse compost was significantly (P:! 0.05) more suppressive than the other two composts, and the suppression was partially eliminated by sterilization of the compost. The biological control agent G. catenulatum (formulated as Prestop WP and Prestop Mix) significantly reduced seedling mortality when it was applied at seeding 24 h prior to inoculation with the pathogen in the rock wool block medium. None of the other biological control agents reduced disease incidence when compared with control plants under these experimental conditions. Pseudomonas chlororaphis and the fungicide thiram both significantly reduced plant mortality at 17 and 24degreesC when pathogen-infested seed was treated, or when bacteria-treated and fungicide-treated seed were planted into pathogen-infested peat medium at 24degreesC. Under semicommercial propagation conditions, treatments consisting of Prestop WP, RootShield Drench Mycostop, and windrow composted dairy solids reduced the severity of disease caused by oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum in two out of three trials. The efficacy of the biological control agents was affected by seasonal differences in growing conditions, which affected the incidence and severity of the disease. The results from this study indicate that several different approaches can be used at seeding to control Fusarium root and stem rot on greenhouse cucumber.