Immunization campaigns in the UK.
Immunization campaigns in the UK.
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英国的免疫运动。
DOI：
10.1007/3-540-36583-4_4
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Salisbury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Noakes;D. Salisbury
大规模免疫运动是一种跨年龄组的快速疫苗接种干预措施，而不是在特定年龄段通过常规疫苗接种提供。一些国家经常开展运动，因为它们的经验表明，在它们的保健系统中，通过运动比通过提供常规服务可以达到更高的覆盖率。虽然许多工业化和非工业化国家已将新疫苗引入其常规计划，但英国通过运动故意这样做是不寻常的。英国已经开展了一系列大规模免疫接种活动，这些活动要么被纳入常规免疫接种计划，如年度流感免疫接种活动;要么作为一项追赶活动，同时将新疫苗引入常规免疫接种计划（MMR、流感嗜血杆菌、C型脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗）;或作为一次性运动，以提高特定年龄组的免疫力，而不将该年龄的疫苗接种纳入常规计划（流感嗜血杆菌）。运动需要在国家和地方一级的领导下进行密集的规划，以实现适当的管理。虽然免疫接种运动的组成部分可以单独描述-战略规划，疫苗供应，沟通和监督;但要使计划成功，综合规划是必不可少的。
A mass immunization campaign is a rapid vaccination intervention across age groups as opposed to provision through routine vaccination at a specified age attainment. Some countries use campaigns routinely as they have experience that shows that in their health systems higher coverage can be reached through campaigns than by routine service provision. Whilst many industrialized and non-industrialized countries have introduced new vaccines into their routine programme, the UK is unusual in deliberately doing this via campaigns. A number ofmass immunization campaigns have been implemented in the UK, either integrated into the routine immunization programme such as the annual influenza immunization campaign; as a catch-up campaign alongside the introduction of a new vaccine into the routine vaccination schedule (MMR,Haemophilus influenzaeb, Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine); or as a one-off campaign, to boost immunity in a particular age group, without introducing the vaccination into the schedule routinely at that age (Haemophilus influenzaeb). Campaigns require intense planning at national and local level with leadership to achieve propermanagement.Although the components of an immunization campaign can be described separately-strategic planning, vaccine supply, communication and surveillance; for a programme to be successful integrated planning is essential.