Environmental microarray analyses of Antarctic soil microbial communities
Environmental microarray analyses of Antarctic soil microbial communities
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2008.111
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Kowalchuk, George A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yergeau, Etienne;Schoondermark-Stolk, Sung A.;Kowalchuk, George A.
南极生态系统的迷人之处在于其有限的营养复杂性，微生物活动主导着分解和营养循环功能。不仅南极栖息地暴露在极端的环境条件下，南极半岛也正在经历全球变暖的无与伦比的影响。由于它们的独特性和全球变暖对这些原始系统的潜在影响，人们对确定南极微生物群落的结构和功能非常感兴趣。因此，我们利用最近设计的16 S rRNA基因微阵列，PhyloChip，其目标是8741细菌和古菌类群，询问微生物群落栖息在茂密的植被和裸露的fellfield土壤沿着纬度梯度范围从51度S（福克兰群岛）到72度S（煤炭冰原岛峰）。结果表明，随着纬度的增加，多样性明显减少，最南端的两个地点拥有最独特的细菌和古细菌群落。微阵列方法被证明在检测微生物多样性的广度方面比基于聚合酶链反应的适度大小的细菌16S rRNA基因文库（类似于每个文库190个克隆）更敏感。此外，PhyloChip上的门和科的相对信号强度总和与克隆文库中这些分类群的相对出现率显著相关。PhyloChip数据还与之前获得的功能基因微阵列数据进行了比较，突出了许多重要的关系，并为南极土壤中群落组成和功能基因分布之间的密切联系提供了证据。这些PhyloChip数据与其他补充方法的整合提供了对南极陆地栖息地微生物多样性和群落结构的前所未有的了解。
Antarctic ecosystems are fascinating in their limited trophic complexity, with decomposition and nutrient cycling functions being dominated by microbial activities. Not only are Antarctic habitats exposed to extreme environmental conditions, the Antarctic Peninsula is also experiencing unequalled effects of global warming. Owing to their uniqueness and the potential impact of global warming on these pristine systems, there is considerable interest in determining the structure and function of microbial communities in the Antarctic. We therefore utilized a recently designed 16S rRNA gene microarray, the PhyloChip, which targets 8741 bacterial and archaeal taxa, to interrogate microbial communities inhabiting densely vegetated and bare fell-field soils along a latitudinal gradient ranging from 51 degrees S (Falkland Islands) to 72 degrees S (Coal Nunatak). Results indicated a clear decrease in diversity with increasing latitude, with the two southernmost sites harboring the most distinct Bacterial and Archaeal communities. The microarray approach proved more sensitive in detecting the breadth of microbial diversity than polymerase chain reaction-based bacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries of modest size (similar to 190 clones per library). Furthermore, the relative signal intensities summed for phyla and families on the PhyloChip were significantly correlated with the relative occurrence of these taxa in clone libraries. PhyloChip data were also compared with functional gene microarray data obtained earlier, highlighting numerous significant relationships and providing evidence for a strong link between community composition and functional gene distribution in Antarctic soils. Integration of these PhyloChip data with other complementary methods provides an unprecedented understanding of the microbial diversity and community structure of terrestrial Antarctic habitats.