Brain imaging and cognitive neuroscience. Toward strong inference in attributing function to structure.
Brain imaging and cognitive neuroscience. Toward strong inference in attributing function to structure.
复制标题
脑成像和认知神经科学。
DOI：
10.1037//0003-066x.51.1.13
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cacioppo,JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarter,M;Berntson,GG;Cacioppo,JT
认知神经科学是从神经科学和认知心理学中产生的一门科学学科，旨在确定“大脑功能如何引起心理活动”（SM Kosslyn & LM Shin，1992，第146页）。虽然认知神经科学的研究结合了许多层次的神经科学和心理学分析，但在行为或认知操作过程中监测大脑活动的现代成像技术对这一学科的出现做出了重大贡献。从这些研究中推导出的结论本质上是固有的局部化;换句话说，它们将认知功能描述为局限于大脑的局部区域（在一个定义的大脑区域Φ中的大脑活动涉及特定的认知功能Φ）。对这些结论的优点和局限性进行广泛的讨论可能有助于避免出现唯心主义的地方主义（即，归属的心灵概念，如幸福，道德，或意识的大脑结构），并说明了一个收敛的重要性与信息所产生的不同研究策略（例如，通过评估局部神经元过程的实验操作对认知功能的影响的研究产生的证据）。利用脑成像研究来研究“脑结构或事件Φ与认知功能相关”这类问题的进展可能会受到阻碍，因为在脑成像文献中，推理通常是以这种方式表述的。提供了一个概念框架，以促进解释的数据描述认知现象和大脑结构活动之间的关系。
Cognitive neuroscience has emerged from the neurosciences and cognitive psychology as a scientific discipline that aims at the determination of “how brain function gives rise to mental activity”(SM Kosslyn & LM Shin, 1992, p. 146). While research in cognitive neuroscience combines many levels of neuroscientific and psychological analyses, modern imaging techniques that monitor brain activity during behavioral or cognitive operations have significantly contributed to the emergence of this discipline. The conclusions deduced from these studies are inherently localizationistic in nature; in other words, they describe cognitive functions as being localized in focal brain regions (brain activity in a defined brain region, Φ, is involved in specific cognitive function, Ψ). A broad discussion about the virtues and limitations of such conclusions may help avoid the emergence of a mentalistic localizationism (ie, the attribution of mentalistic concepts such as happiness, morality, or consciousness to brain structure) and illustrates the importance of a convergence with information generated by different research strategies (such as, for example, evidence generated by studies in which the effects of experimental manipulations of local neuronal processes on cognitive functions are assessed). Progress in capitalizing on brain-imaging studies to investigate questions of the form “brain structure or event Φ is associated with cognitive function Ψ” may be impeded because of the way in which inferences are typically formulated in the brain imaging literature. A conceptual framework to advance the interpretation of data describing the relationships between cognitive phenomena and brain structure activity is provided.