Re-evaluating the Significance of Estrone as an Environmental Estrogen
Re-evaluating the Significance of Estrone as an Environmental Estrogen
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.7b00606
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发表时间：
2017-04-18
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Villeneuve, Daniel L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ankley, Gerald T.;Feifarek, David;Villeneuve, Daniel L.
世界范围内的研究表明，在受人类和动物排泄物影响的地区会出现雌性化的雄鱼。多种化学物质都可能导致这种现象，但在研究和监测方面最受关注的是 17 β-雌二醇 (β-E2) 和 17 α-炔雌醇，因为它们在环境中普遍存在且具有很强的雌激素效力。第三种类固醇雌酮 (El) 也可能以高浓度存在于地表水中，但由于其对脊椎动物雌激素受体的亲和力相对较低，因此通常较少受到关注。在最初的实验中，雄性黑头呆鱼 (Pimephales promelas) 成鱼暴露于环境相关水平的水性 E1 中 4 天，这导致血浆 β-E2 浓度与繁殖活跃的雌性中发现的相似。在第二次暴露中，我们使用 C-13 标记的 E1 以及液相色谱-串联质谱法，证明在雄鱼原浆中测量到的升高的 β-E2 确实来自外部环境，很可能是通过由一种或多种17 β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶催化的转化。我们的研究结果表明，E1 作为环境雌激素的潜在影响目前被低估了。
Studies worldwide have demonstrated the occurrence of feminized male fish at sites impacted by human and animal wastes. A variety of chemicals could contribute to this phenomenon, but those receiving the greatest attention in terms of research and monitoring have been 17 beta-estradiol (beta-E2) and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, due both to their prevalence in the environment and strong estrogenic potency. A third steroid, estrone (El), also can occur at high concentrations in surface waters but generally has been of lesser concern due to its relatively lower affinity for vertebrate estrogen receptors. In an initial experiment, male fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) adults were exposed for 4-d to environmentally relevant levels of waterborne E1, which resulted in plasma beta-E2 concentrations similar to those found in reproductively active females, In a second- exposure we used C-13-labeled E1, together with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to demonstrate that elevated beta-E2 measured in the plasnia of the male fish was indeed derived from the external environment, most likely via a conversion catalyzed by one or more 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. The results of our studies suggest that the potential impact of E1 as an environmental estrogen currently is underestimated.