Mango and Longan Production in Northern Thailand: The Role of Water Saving Irrigation and Water Stress Monitoring
Mango and Longan Production in Northern Thailand: The Role of Water Saving Irrigation and Water Stress Monitoring
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泰国北部的芒果和龙眼生产：节水灌溉和水分胁迫监测的作用
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Joachim Müller
中科院分区：
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作者：
W. Spreer;Katrin Schulze;S. Ongprasert;W. Wiriya;Joachim Müller
随着泰国水果出口的增加，近年来灌溉水果生产的重要性日益增加，因此，水资源变得越来越稀缺。与此同时，泰国北部的农民正越来越多地面临天气异常。在气候变化条件下，基于植物胁迫规避或胁迫信号的调度可以优化水分利用效率和灌溉效益。在泰国北部，使用水管进行传统灌溉是一种常见的管理做法；然而，这种方法效率低，劳动密集，相对不灵活。引进微型灌溉系统是发展节水灌溉做法的一个重要组成部分，成本效益分析表明，投资微型喷灌系统可能是有益的。与改善灌溉一样，在干旱年份，可销售的水果产量可以大幅增加；因此，从传统到现代、节水和灵活的灌溉系统的改变是值得的。灌溉研究的重点是提高水分利用效率（WUE）和亏缺灌溉策略，特别是发现部分根区干燥（PRD）可以显著提高WUE。在珠江三角洲计划下，每行树只有一侧浇水，而另一侧则在下一次灌溉前晾干到预定的水平。一般来说，胁迫反应会减少水分消耗和营养生长，而产量下降通常较小。在现场试验中，与水分充足的果树相比，PRD处理的芒果和龙眼树保持了产量。复杂的缺陷灌溉策略只有在强大的应力监测方法可用时才能应用，而热成像就是这样一种新的非侵入性方法。在这里概述的研究中，在田间条件下调查了这种方法的使用情况，我们的研究结果表明，它有可能在未来的灌溉调度系统中使用。
With higher fruit exports from Thailand, the importance of irrigated fruit production has increased over recent years and, as a consequence, water resources have become more and more scarce. At the same time, farmers in northern Thailand are being increasingly confronted with weather anomalies. Scheduling based on plant stress avoidance or the exploitation of stress signals can optimize water use efficiency and the profitability of irrigation under changing climatic conditions. Traditional irrigation through the use of water hoses is a common management practice in northern Thailand; however, this method is inefficient, labor intensive and relatively inflexible. The introduction of micro-irrigation systems is one important component in the development of water saving irrigation practices, with cost-benefit analyses showing that investment in a micro-sprinkler system can be beneficial. As with improved irrigation, the marketable fruit yield can be increased substantially during drought years; thus, it is worthwhile changing from traditional to modern, water efficient and flexible irrigation systems. The emphasis of irrigation research is placed on increasing water use efficiency (WUE) and deficit irrigation strategies, in particular, partial root-zone drying (PRD) were found to increase WUE substantially. Under PRD only one side of a tree row is watered, while the other is left to dry-out to a predetermined level before next being irrigated. Stress responses in general decrease water consumption and vegetative growth while yield decline is usually minor. In on-station experiments, PRD treated mango and longan trees maintained yields when compared to well-watered trees. Sophisticated deficit irrigation strategies can only be applied when robust stress monitoring methods are available, and thermal imaging is one such new, non-invasive method. In the research study outlined here, the use of this method was investigated under field conditions, with our findings showing that it has the potential to be used within future irrigation scheduling systems.