Obesity in Malaysia.
Obesity in Malaysia.
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00074.x
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发表时间：
2002-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James, W P T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ismail, M N;Chee, S S;James, W P T
本研究旨在评估马来西亚成年人体重的最新数据，以及超重和肥胖与共病风险因素的种族差异的相关性，并检查正常体重的城市和农村人群的能量摄入，能量消耗，基础代谢率（BMR）和身体活动变化的措施。包括三项研究：（1）1996年对近29000名≥ 20岁的成年人进行的全国健康发病率调查的总结;（2）一项比较409名不同种族的健康成年人能量摄入、基础代谢率和体力活动水平（帕尔斯）的研究，这些健康成年人来自1165名18-60岁的农村和城市受试者;以及（3）对609名30-65岁的马来西亚农村人的肥胖患病率和预测冠心病和2型糖尿病的共病危险因素进行检查。超重和肥胖的计算使用体重指数（BMI）的措施和世界卫生组织（WHO）的标准。能量摄入采用3-d食物记录进行评估，BMR和帕尔斯采用道格拉斯袋和活动日记进行评估，而高血压、高血糖和葡萄糖耐受不良则采用标准标准进行评估。全国健康发病率调查数据显示，成年人中，20.7%超重，5.8%肥胖（其中0.3%的BMI值>40.0 kg m（-2））;女性肥胖率明显高于男性。在女性中，印度和马来女性的肥胖率高于华人女性，而在男性中，华人的肥胖率最高，其次是马来人和印度人。对正常健康受试者的研究表明，印度人的能量摄入量明显低于其他族裔群体。在女性中，马来人的能量摄入量明显高于其他群体。城市男性受试者消耗的能量明显高于农村受试者，但女性的情况并非如此。在男性和女性中，中国和城市受试者的脂肪摄入量（%）显著较高。除戴雅克人外，男性都比较活跃。中国女性比中国男性活跃得多。华人和达亚克族女性不如马来人和印度女性活跃。在男性和女性中，印度人的帕尔斯最高。因此，目前的营养和健康调查显示，马来西亚人已经受到西方健康问题的影响。曾经被认为是城市现象的肥胖症的升级，现在已经以惊人的速度蔓延到农村人口。随着马来西亚迅速迈向发达经济地位，其人口的健康可能会继续恶化。因此，需要制定一项国家战略，以解决导致马来西亚人口体重过度增加的饮食和活动因素。
This study was undertaken to assess the recent data on Malaysian adult body weights and associations of ethnic differences in overweight and obesity with comorbid risk factors, and to examine measures of energy intake, energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and physical activity changes in urban and rural populations of normal weight. Three studies were included (1) a summary of a national health morbidity survey conducted in 1996 on nearly 29 000 adults > or =20 years of age; (2) a study comparing energy intake, BMR and physical activity levels (PALs) in 409 ethnically diverse, healthy adults drawn from a population of 1165 rural and urban subjects 18-60 years of age; and (3) an examination of the prevalence of obesity and comorbid risk factors that predict coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in 609 rural Malaysians aged 30-65 years. Overweight and obesity were calculated using body mass index (BMI) measures and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Energy intake was assessed using 3-d food records, BMR and PALs were assessed with Douglas bags and activity diaries, while hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance were specified using standard criteria. The National Health Morbidity Survey data revealed that in adults, 20.7% were overweight and 5.8% obese (0.3% of whom had BMI values of >40.0 kg m(-2)); the prevalence of obesity was clearly greater in women than in men. In women, obesity rates were higher in Indian and Malay women than in Chinese women, while in men the Chinese recorded the highest obesity prevalences followed by the Malay and Indians. Studies on normal healthy subjects indicated that the energy intake of Indians was significantly lower than that of other ethnic groups. In women, Malays recorded a significantly higher energy intake than the other groups. Urban male subjects consumed significantly more energy than their rural counterparts, but this was not the case in women. In both men and women, fat intakes (%) were significantly higher in Chinese and urban subjects. Men were moderately active with the exception of the Dayaks. Chinese women were considerably less active than Chinese men. Chinese and Dayak women were less active than Malay and Indian women. In both men and women, Indians recorded the highest PALs. Hence, current nutrition and health surveys reveal that Malaysians are already affected by western health problems. The escalation of obesity, once thought to be an urban phenomenon, has now spread to the rural population at an alarming rate. As Malaysia proceeds rapidly towards a developed economy status, the health of its population will probably continue to deteriorate. Therefore, a national strategy needs to be developed to tackle both dietary and activity contributors to the excess weight gain of the Malaysian population.