Genetic Engineering of Trees to Enhance Resistance to InsectsEvaluating the risks of biotype evolution and secondary pest outbreak
Genetic Engineering of Trees to Enhance Resistance to InsectsEvaluating the risks of biotype evolution and secondary pest outbreak
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树木基因工程增强抗虫性评估生物型进化和次生害虫爆发的风险
作者：
K. Raffa
控制害虫经常被认为是新兴的基因插入技术的一个有前途的用途。最常见的策略是改进昆虫的微生物病原体，将缺陷纳入害虫种群，并将编码抗虫特性的基因转移到植物中。虽然这些战略的优点和风险已经在一般条件下进行了讨论，但很少有概念框架将理论原则应用于具体的政策决策（Simonsen和Levin，1988）。在这篇文章中，我开发了一种方法来估计风险，集中在一个战略-抗性特性的遗传转移到其他敏感的主机（Vaeck等，1987年）-在一个商品经常被引用为生物技术的受益者木材产品（Dandekar等，1987年，Farnum等，1983年，Sederoff和Ledig 1985年）。这种办法应能提高我们的能力，以评估和减少无意中有害改变森林生态系统的可能性。它可以作为其他转基因应用的模型。我专注于一个潜在的危险，生物型进化，这是对昆虫种群的选择，可以容忍新的阻力属性（古尔德1988）。一般来说，在大片森林覆盖的地区，风险最大。
Control of insect pests has often been suggested as a promising use of the emerging gene-insertion technology. The most commonly proposed strategies would improve microbial pathogens of insects, incorporate defects into pest populations, and transfer genes that encode for insect-resistance properties into plants. Although some advantages and risks of these strategies have been discussed in general terms, there is little conceptual framework for applying theoretical principles to specific policy decisions (Simonsen and Levin 1988). In this article, I develop an approach to estimating risk by concentrating on one strategy-genetic transfer of resistance properties into otherwise susceptible hosts (Vaeck et al. 1987)-in one commodity frequently cited as a beneficiary of biotechnology-wood products (Dandekar et al. 1987, Farnum et al. 1983, Sederoff and Ledig 1985). Such an approach should improve our ability to evaluate and reduce the potential for inadvertent deleterious alteration of forest ecosystems. It may serve as a model for other transgenic applications. I focus on one potential danger, biotype evolution, which is the selection for insect populations that can tolerate the new resistance property (Gould 1988). I do not consider here In general, the risks are greatest in large forested expanses