Do woodpecker finches acquire tool-use by social learning?
Do woodpecker finches acquire tool-use by social learning?
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2001.1738
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发表时间：
2001-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Tebbich;M. Taborsky;B. Fessl;Donald Blomqvist
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Tebbich;M. Taborsky;B. Fessl;Donald Blomqvist
使用工具在动物中很普遍，但除了灵长类动物，人们对这种行为的发展知之甚少。在这里，我们报告的第一个实验研究，我们的知识的机制收购的工具使用的鸟类。加拉帕戈斯群岛特有的啄木鸟雀Cactospiza pallida是动物使用工具的著名教科书例子。该物种使用改良的树枝或仙人掌刺将节肢动物从树洞中撬出。利用雏鸟和成年鸟从外地，我们测试实验是否啄木鸟雀学习工具的使用社会。我们发现，社会学习是不是必不可少的工具使用的发展：所有的青少年开发工具的使用，无论他们是否有一个工具使用模型。然而，我们发现并不是所有的成年啄木鸟雀在我们的实验中使用工具。这些不使用工具的个体也没有通过观察使用工具的同类来学习这项任务。我们的研究结果表明，工具使用行为取决于一个非常具体的学习倾向，涉及试错学习在个体发育早期的敏感阶段。
Tool–use is widespread among animals, but except in primates the development of this behaviour is poorly known. Here, we report on the first experimental study to our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of tool–use in a bird species. The woodpecker finch Cactospiza pallida, endemic to the Galápagos Islands, is a famous textbook example of tool–use in animals. This species uses modified twigs or cactus spines to pry arthropods out of tree holes. Using nestlings and adult birds from the field, we tested experimentally whether woodpecker finches learn tool–use socially. We show that social learning is not essential for the development of tool–use: all juveniles developed tool–use regardless of whether or not they had a tool–using model. However, we found that not all adult woodpecker finches used tools in our experiments. These non–tool–using individuals also did not learn this task by observing tool–using conspecifics. Our results suggest that tool–use behaviour depends on a very specific learning disposition that involves trial–and–error learning during a sensitive phase early in ontogeny.