Building an integrated infrastructure for exploring biodiversity: field collections and archives of mammals and parasites
Building an integrated infrastructure for exploring biodiversity: field collections and archives of mammals and parasites
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DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyz048
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发表时间：
2019-04-24
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hope, Andrew G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galbreath, Kurt E.;Hoberg, Eric P.;Hope, Andrew G.
博物馆标本在预测结果和揭示人类驱动的生物圈破坏的后果方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着生态群落对持续的环境变化做出反应，宿主-寄生虫的相互作用也发生了变化。宿主-寄生虫关系的这种变化格局为不同宿主的殖民和新病原体的出现创造了机会，并对野生动物保护和管理、公共卫生和其他社会问题产生了影响。记录和保存哺乳动物标本及其相关寄生虫群落和辅助数据的综合档案为调查、预测和减轻环境扰动的流行病学、生态和进化影响提供了强大的资源。收集和存档哺乳动物标本的哺乳动物学家有一个独特的机会，通过收集与他们研究的有机体有关的寄生虫来扩大他们的实地工作的范围和影响。我们鼓励哺乳动物学家接受一种综合和整体的采样范例，并倡导将其作为博物馆收藏的标准做法。为此，我们提供了详细的现场测试方案，为哺乳动物学家提供工具，以收集和保存高质量的宿主和寄生虫材料，并适用于一系列潜在的下游分析(例如，遗传、形态分析)。最后，我们还鼓励加强跨分类学科的全球合作，以建立一系列关于不断变化的生物圈的综合基线和快照。
Museum specimens play an increasingly important role in predicting the outcomes and revealing the consequences of anthropogenically driven disruption of the biosphere. As ecological communities respond to ongoing environmental change, host-parasite interactions are also altered. This shifting landscape of host-parasite associations creates opportunities for colonization of different hosts and emergence of new pathogens, with implications for wildlife conservation and management, public health, and other societal concerns. Integrated archives that document and preserve mammal specimens along with their communities of associated parasites and ancillary data provide a powerful resource for investigating, anticipating, and mitigating the epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary impacts of environmental perturbation. Mammalogists who collect and archive mammal specimens have a unique opportunity to expand the scope and impact of their field work by collecting the parasites that are associated with their study organisms. We encourage mammalogists to embrace an integrated and holistic sampling paradigm and advocate for this to become standard practice for museum-based collecting. To this end, we provide a detailed, field-tested protocol to give mammalogists the tools to collect and preserve host and parasite materials that are of high quality and suitable for a range of potential downstream analyses (e.g., genetic, morphological). Finally, we also encourage increased global cooperation across taxonomic disciplines to build an integrated series of baselines and snapshots of the changing biosphere.