Noble Gases in the Solar System
Noble Gases in the Solar System
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太阳系中的稀有气体
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
R. Wieler
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作者：
R. Wieler
本章概述了除地球、火星和小行星以外的太阳系天体可用的惰性气体数据。除了太阳、月球和巨行星外，我们还将讨论水星和月球的稀薄大气、彗星、行星际尘埃粒子和行星际介质中及以外的基本粒子的数据。此外，我们还总结了金星大气的稀缺数据库。奥特(2002)、斯温德尔(2002a，b)和威勒(2002)在本卷的章节中讨论了来自火星和小行星来源的大量陨石数据。来自金星和火星大气的数据在Pepin和Porcelli(2002)和Swindle(2002b)的章节中进行了更详细的讨论。在适当的情况下，我们还将提供一些其他高挥发性元素的数据，如H或N。
太阳系是由分子云碎片形成的，分子云碎片传统上被称为太阳星云，它们相当好地混合在一起。因此，几乎所有太阳系物质中的同位素丰度都非常相似，原始陨石中的元素丰度也与太阳中的值相似。这一规则的主要例外是惰性气体。因为它们在化学上是惰性的和挥发性的，所以它们在固体物质中非常严重地耗尽。因此，可以在整个太阳系中识别出许多惰性气体“成分”，这些成分并不一定与大块星云的组成有关。尽管如此，宇宙化学中的一个主要问题是，行星体在多大程度上包含了反映星云或太阳系前云中惰性气体成分的储气库。
要讨论这一点，我们首先需要一个星云组成的代理。最明显的选择是体积庞大的太阳，除了He，它在太阳的整个历史上都是产生的。我们将讨论…
This chapter provides an overview of available noble gas data for solar system bodies apart from the Earth, Mars, and asteroids. Besides the Sun, the Moon, and the giant planets, we will also discuss data for the tenuous atmospheres of Mercury and the Moon, comets, interplanetary dust particles and elementary particles in the interplanetary medium and beyond. In addition, we summarize the scarce data base for the Venusian atmosphere. The extensive meteorite data from Mars and asteroidal sources are discussed in chapters in this volume by Ott (2002), Swindle (2002a,b) and Wieler (2002). Data from the Venusian and Martian atmospheres are discussed in more detail in chapters by Pepin and Porcelli (2002) and Swindle (2002b). Where appropriate, we will also present some data for other highly volatile elements such as H or N.
The solar system formed from a molecular cloud fragment—traditionally called the solar nebula—that was rather well mixed. Therefore, isotopic abundances in almost all available solar system materials are very similar to each other, and elemental abundances in primitive meteorites are also similar to the values in the Sun. The major exceptions to this rule are the noble gases. Because they are chemically inert and volatile, they are very strongly depleted in solid matter. As a consequence, numerous noble gas “components” can be recognized throughout the solar system which are not necessarily related to the composition of the bulk nebula. Still, one major question in cosmochemistry is to what extent planetary bodies contain reservoirs that reflect the noble gas composition in the nebula or the presolar cloud.
To discuss this, we first need a proxy for the nebula composition. The obvious choice is the bulk Sun, except for He, which has been produced in the Sun throughout its history. We will discuss the …