Pressures at larger spatial scales strongly influence the ecological status of heavily modified river water bodies in Germany.
Pressures at larger spatial scales strongly influence the ecological status of heavily modified river water bodies in Germany.
复制标题
更大空间尺度的压力强烈影响德国严重改造的河流水体的生态状况。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.096
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Wolter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Kail;C. Wolter
河流生物群受到在不同空间尺度上运作的人为压力的影响。了解空间尺度上影响生物群的压力对于管理和恢复退化的河流至关重要。在欧洲，根据欧洲水框架指令（WFD），许多河流河段被指定为重度变化水体（HMWB），其中生态潜力可能主要取决于HMWB以外更大空间尺度上的压力（例如，河网的水文形态变化和集水尺度上的土地利用）。在德国，水文形态改变和扩散污染是主要的压力。因此，本研究的三个目标是（一）确定水文形态压力的网站，达到，和河流网络规模，并在流域规模的土地利用类别，显着影响生态状况的HMWB在德国，（二）量化这些压力在不同的空间尺度的相对重要性，及（iii）分析鱼类和大型无脊椎动物之间的反应的差异。结果表明：（i）在河段尺度上，鱼类受河道-河岸条件的影响最大，而河道平面形态的自然程度是大型无脊椎动物生态状况的最佳代表。在集水区，城市化是最有害的土地使用。(ii)在更大的空间尺度（流域土地利用和水文形态变化的河流网络）的压力一般是更重要的水文形态变化在河段尺度。(iii)鱼类受到同样的影响，在达到规模和大规模的压力，而后者更重要的是大型无脊椎动物的生态状况，水生形态学的改变。总之，这些结果表明，大规模的压力往往会限制的效率，达到规模的恢复，特别是大型无脊椎动物，即使在没有腐殖污染，并考虑在德国和可比退化河段的高分子量生物的管理和恢复。
River biota are influenced by anthropogenic pressures that operate at different spatial scales. Understanding which pressures at which spatial scales affect biota is essential to manage and restore degraded rivers. In Europe, many river reaches were designated as Heavily Modified Water Bodies (HMWB) according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), where the ecological potential might mainly be determined by pressures at larger spatial scales outside the HMWB (e.g. hydromorphological alterations at the river network and land use at the catchment scale). In Germany, hydromorphological alterations and diffuse pollution were the main pressures. Therefore, the three objectives of this study were to (i) identify the hydromorphological pressures at the site, reach, and river network scale, and land use categories at the catchment scale which significantly affect the ecological status of HMWB in Germany, (ii) quantify the relative importance of these pressures at different spatial scales, and (iii) analyse the differences in response between fish and macroinvertebrates. The results indicated that: (i) At the reach scale, fish were most strongly influenced by channel-bank conditions whilst the naturalness of channel-planform was the best proxy for the ecological status of macroinvertebrates. At the catchment scale, urbanization was the most detrimental land use. (ii) The pressures at larger spatial scales (catchment land use and hydromorphological alterations in the river network) generally were more important than hydromorphological alterations at the reach scale. (iii) Fish were affected equally by both, hydromorphological alterations at the reach scale and large-scale pressures whereas the latter were far more important for the ecological status of macroinvertebrates. In conclusion, these results indicated that large-scale pressures may often limit the efficiency of reach-scale restoration, especially for macroinvertebrates, even in the absence of saprobic pollution, and have to be considered for the management and restoration of HMWB in Germany and comparable degraded river reaches.