Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
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听力损失患病率和残疾生活年，1990-2019：来自2019年全球疾病负担研究的结果。
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00516-x
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发表时间：
2021-03-13
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
GBD 2019 Hearing Loss Collaborators
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文献类型：
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作者：
GBD 2019 Hearing Loss Collaborators
听力损失会影响对口语的使用，从而影响认知和发展，并可能对社会福祉产生负面影响。我们介绍了全球疾病负担(GBD)研究对2019年听力损失患病率以及与听力损失相关的残疾的最新估计。我们对1990-2019年听力损失患病率的人群代表性调查进行了系统的回顾。我们建立了严重程度特定患病率的嵌套式Meta回归模型，考虑了助听器覆盖率、病因和耳鸣的存在。我们还预测了2050年前听力损失的流行情况。据估计，2019年全球有15.7亿人(95%不确定区间1·51-1·)患有听力损失，占五分之一(20.3%[19.5-21.1%])。在这些人中，经助听器使用调整后，有4.03亿人(357.33-449.5人)的听力损失达到中度或更高程度，未经调整的4.304亿人(381.7-479.6人)听力损失达到中等或更高程度。中度至完全听力损失的人数最多的是西太平洋地区(12710万人[112.3-142.6])。在所有听力障碍者中，62.1%(60.2-63.9%)的人年龄在50岁以上。卫生保健获取和质量(HAQ)指数解释了全国年龄标准化残疾年率变化的65.8%，因为HAQ指数低的国家残疾年率较高。到2050年，预计将有24.5亿(2.35-2.56)人听力损失，比2019年增加56.1%(47.3-65.2%)，尽管年龄标准化患病率稳定。随着人口老龄化，听力损失的人数将会增加。干预措施，如儿童筛查、助听器、中耳炎和脑膜炎的有效管理，以及人工耳蜗植入，都有可能减轻这一负担。由于中度至完全听力损失的负担集中在医疗质量和可获得性较低的国家，因此需要更强有力的医疗保健提供机制，以减少这些环境中未解决的听力损失的负担。比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会和世卫组织。
Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-care quality and access, stronger health-care provision mechanisms are needed to reduce the burden of unaddressed hearing loss in these settings. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.