Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota.
Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota.
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肠道中密集的微生物群落，称为共生微生物区系，与宿主共同进化，对于许多宿主生理过程是必不可少的，包括增强肠道上皮屏障、免疫系统的发展和营养获取。微生物区系的一个主要功能是防止病原体的定居和本土病原体的过度生长，这可能是健康微生物群落破坏的结果。调节微生物区系抑制病原体生长能力的机制是复杂的，包括竞争性代谢相互作用、肠道生态位定位和诱导宿主免疫反应。病原体反过来又进化出了逃避共生介导的定植抗性的策略。因此，共生体和病原体或本土病原体之间的相互作用对于控制感染和疾病至关重要。了解病原体-共生相互作用可能会导致针对传染病的新的治疗方法。
A dense resident microbial community in the gut, referred as the commensal microbiota, co-evolved with the host, and is essential for many host physiological processes that include enhancement of the intestinal epithelial barrier, development of the immune system, and nutrient acquisition. A major function of the microbiota is protection against colonization by pathogens and overgrowth of indigenous pathobionts that can result from the disruption of the healthy microbial community. The mechanisms that regulate the ability of the microbiota to restrain pathogen growth are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions, localization to intestinal niches, and induction of host immune responses. Pathogens, in turn, have evolved strategies to escape from commensal-mediated colonization resistance. Thus, the interplay between commensals and pathogens or indigenous pathobionts is critical for controlling infection and disease. Understanding pathogen-commensal interactions may lead to new therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases.