Dissecting malaria biology and epidemiology using population genetics and genomics
Dissecting malaria biology and epidemiology using population genetics and genomics
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.08.006
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Barry, Alyssa E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Auburn, Sarah;Barry, Alyssa E.
分子方法在监测疟疾寄生虫种群方面的效用日益得到认可，不仅在以比传统方法更高的灵敏度确定流行率和发病率方面，而且在监测地方和区域寄生虫传播模式方面。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个概述的人口遗传学和基因组研究的人类感染疟原虫物种，突出了该领域的最新进展。随着根除疟疾的新动力，许多研究现在正在利用遗传和基因组流行病学来支持当地循证干预战略。微卫星基因分型仍然是恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的流行方法。然而，随着全基因组测序数据的日益可用性，使得能够针对给定的研究问题和设置定制有效的基于单核苷酸多态性的面板，这种方法越来越受欢迎。三日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫的新参考基因组的可用性应该会导致对这些目前被忽视的物种进行类似分子研究的激增。基因组研究揭示了对寄生虫重要适应机制的新见解，包括抗疟药物耐药性。新方法的出现，如选择性全基因组扩增处理广泛的人类DNA在低密度的现场隔离，应该看到全基因组的方法成为常规的寄生虫监测一旦经济成本超过目前的成本效益的目标的方法。(C)2016年由Elsevier Ltd代表澳大利亚寄生虫学会出版。
Molecular approaches have an increasingly recognized utility in surveillance of malaria parasite populations, not only in defining prevalence and incidence with higher sensitivity than traditional methods, but also in monitoring local and regional parasite transmission patterns. In this review, we provide an overview of population genetic and genomic studies of human-infecting Plasmodium species, highlighting recent advances in the field. In accordance with the renewed impetus for malaria eradication, many studies are now using genetic and genomic epidemiology to support local evidence-based intervention strategies. Microsatellite genotyping remains a popular approach for both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. However, with the increasing availability of whole genome sequencing data enabling effective single nucleotide polymorphism-based panels tailored to a given study question and setting, this approach is gaining popularity. The availability of new reference genomes for Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovate should see a surge in similar molecular studies on these currently neglected species. Genomic studies are revealing new insights into important adaptive mechanisms of the parasite including antimalarial drug resistance. The advent of new methodologies such as selective whole genome amplification for dealing with extensive human DNA in low density field isolates should see genomewide approaches becoming routine for parasite surveillance once the economic costs outweigh the current cost benefits of targeted approaches. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.