Late Breakdowns Caused by Microparticles After Vacuum Arc Interruption
Late Breakdowns Caused by Microparticles After Vacuum Arc Interruption
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真空电弧中断后微粒引起的后期击穿
DOI：
10.1109/tps.2019.2917379
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Kaneko Eiji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ejiri Haruki;Kumada Akiko;Hidaka Kunihiko;Taguchi Yuki;Inada Yuki;Yamano Yasushi;Iwabuchi Hiroyuki;Kaneko Eiji
在真空断路器中，有时甚至在电流中断后的几秒钟内观察到重燃和非持续的破坏性放电。这些后期击穿是由场发射水平的突然增加和/或在施加恢复电压期间微粒与电极的碰撞触发的。在本文中，我们确定了后期击穿触发的微粒出现的银-碳化钨电极电流中断后。结合使用高速摄像机和脉冲激光器，我们能够进行阴影摄影与150-ns的时间分辨率，10-μm的空间分辨率，和μs的帧速率，用于捕捉微粒运动下的恢复电压后，电流中断。在这张高分辨率的照片中，我们观察到许多微粒在电流中断后在电极之间飞行。在我们的一系列观察中，我们发现了两种类型的微粒诱导的晚期击穿：由直径和速度约为20-40 μm和15 m/s的小而快的微粒诱导的晚期击穿，以及由直径和速度分别约为100 μm和1 m/s的大而慢的微粒诱导的晚期击穿。一些大的慢微粒在电极之间的上下运动期间引起连续的后期击穿。所有的粒子诱导的后期击穿发生在粒子与由恢复电压的极性定义的负电极碰撞的时间。大的、慢的微粒的速度约为1 m/s，并且这些微粒没有蒸发。此外，在连续发生的后期破裂中没有观察到粒度的逐渐减小。我们还观察到许多由未知因素引起的故障。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪对电极表面进行了观察。电极表面的显微组织和金属成分随观察位置的不同而变化很大。
In vacuum circuit breakers, restrikes and nonsustained disruptive discharges are sometimes observed even up to several seconds after current interruption. These late breakdowns are triggered by a sudden increase in the field emission level and/or microparticle collision with the electrode during the application of recovery voltage. In this paper, we identify the late breakdowns triggered by the microparticles that emerged from the silver-tungsten carbide electrodes after current interruption. The combined use of a high-speed video camera and a pulse laser enabled us to conduct shadowgraph photography with a 150-ns time resolution, 10-μm spatial resolution, and μs framing rate for capturing the microparticle motion under the recovery voltage after current interruption. In this highly resolved photography, we observed many microparticles flying between the electrodes after current interruption. In our series of observations, we found two types of microparticle-inducing late breakdowns: those induced by small, fast microparticles whose diameter and velocity were approximately 20-40 μm and 15 m/s, and those induced by large, slow microparticles whose diameter and velocity were approximately 100 μm and 1 m/s, respectively. Some of the large slow microparticles caused the sequential late breakdowns during the up-and-down motion between the electrodes. All the particle-induced late breakdowns occurred at the time of particle collision with the negative electrode defined by the polarity of the recovery voltage. The velocity of the large, slow microparticles was approximately 1 m/s, and these microparticles did not evaporate. Furthermore, the gradual decrease in the particle size was not observed in the continual occurrence of late breakdowns. We also observed many breakdowns caused by unknown factors. The electrode surfaces were also observed by using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The microstructures and metal compositions on the electrode surfaces varied drastically with the observation positions.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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