Impact of Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends on Partially Premixed Combustion Equipment: NOx Emission and Operational Performance
Impact of Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends on Partially Premixed Combustion Equipment: NOx Emission and Operational Performance
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氢气/天然气混合物对部分预混燃烧设备的影响：氮氧化物排放和运行性能
DOI：
10.3390/en15051706
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
K. Jorgensen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Glanville;A. Fridlyand;Brian Sutherland;M. Liszka;Yan Zhao;Luke Bingham;K. Jorgensen
几家北美公用事业公司正计划将氢气混合到天然气电网中，作为解决氢气可扩展需求的短期方式，并作为“难以分解”的最终用途的长期脱碳策略。本研究记录了在模拟使用环境中，0-30%氢气混合物（按体积计）对未经调整的设备的性能、排放和安全性的影响，重点关注流行的部分预混燃烧设计。经过全面的文献综述，作者描述了三组结果：操作标准和“超低NOx”燃烧器从普通加热设备在“模拟器”与氢气/甲烷混合物高达30%的体积，在现场测试相同的加热设备，和现场采样的范围更广的设备与0-10%的氢气/天然气混合物在公用事业拥有的培训设施。该设备成功地运行了高达30%的氢混合燃料，火焰的视觉变化有限，并且出现了关键趋势：（a）输入速率从0到30% H2下降到11%，通常超过基于Wobbe指数的预测;（B）NOx和CO排放持平或下降（无空气或能量调整的基础上）与增加氢混合;和（c）略有下降（1.2%）或增加（0.9%）的效率从0至30%氢混合标准与超低NOx型热水器分别。
Several North American utilities are planning to blend hydrogen into gas grids, as a short-term way of addressing the scalable demand for hydrogen and as a long-term decarbonization strategy for ‘difficult-to-electrify’ end uses. This study documents the impact of 0–30% hydrogen blends by volume on the performance, emissions, and safety of unadjusted equipment in a simulated use environment, focusing on prevalent partially premixed combustion designs. Following a thorough literature review, the authors describe three sets of results: operating standard and “ultra-low NOx” burners from common heating equipment in “simulators” with hydrogen/methane blends up to 30% by volume, in situ testing of the same heating equipment, and field sampling of a wider range of equipment with 0–10% hydrogen/natural gas blends at a utility-owned training facility. The equipment was successfully operated with up to 30% hydrogen-blended fuels, with limited visual changes to flames, and key trends emerged: (a) a decrease in the input rate from 0 to 30% H2 up to 11%, often in excess of the Wobbe Index-based predictions; (b) NOx and CO emissions are flat or decline (air-free or energy-adjusted basis) with increasing hydrogen blending; and (c) a minor decrease (1.2%) or increase (0.9%) in efficiency from 0 to 30% hydrogen blends for standard versus ultra-low NOx-type water heaters, respectively.